Pancreatitis: How Supplements Fit In The Management Plan

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As persons with chronic or recurrent pancreatitis navigate the challenges of managing their condition, exploring complementary approaches like nutritional supplements can offer valuable support. While conventional treatments play a crucial role, emerging research suggests that certain supplements may help alleviate symptoms while others address nutritional deficiencies. In this article, we’ll explore nutritional supplements and their benefits for persons living with chronic pancreatitis. From pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy to fat-soluble vitamins and beyond, we’ll explore the evidence behind these supplements and their role in pancreatitis.

What Is Pancreatitis?

Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, an essential organ that plays a critical role in digestion and the regulation of blood sugar. This condition manifests in two primary forms: acute and chronic, each with distinct causes, symptoms, and implications for the individual’s health.

Acute Pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis is characterized by a sudden inflammation that typically resolves with treatment, although severe cases can lead to life-threatening complications. Common triggers include excessive alcohol consumption, which can lead to toxic metabolites that damage pancreatic tissue; gallstones, which can block the pancreatic duct and cause inflammation; and certain medications that may induce pancreatic irritation or allergic reactions. Symptoms of acute pancreatitis are often intense and distressing, including severe abdominal pain that may radiate to the back, nausea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal tenderness. The pain is frequently severe enough to require hospitalization for management, where treatment focuses on resting the pancreas, managing pain, and preventing or treating complications.

Chronic Pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, signifies a long-standing inflammation that leads to permanent damage and a gradual loss of pancreatic function. This condition often evolves from repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis, usually due to prolonged alcohol abuse or genetic predispositions that affect pancreatic cells or enzymes. Unlike the acute form, chronic pancreatitis develops slowly over time and can lead to persistent abdominal pain, malabsorption of nutrients resulting in diarrhea and oily stools, unintended weight loss, and malnutrition. As the pancreas loses its ability to produce digestive enzymes and insulin, individuals may experience digestive problems and eventually develop diabetes. Management of chronic pancreatitis focuses on alleviating symptoms, managing pain, supporting nutritional needs, and monitoring and treating diabetes and other complications.

Both forms of pancreatitis require medical attention to manage symptoms and address underlying causes. Lifestyle modifications, including abstaining from alcohol and following a low-fat diet, are often recommended to prevent further pancreatic damage. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove blockages or damaged tissue. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in preventing the progression of acute pancreatitis to chronic pancreatitis and in managing the long-term impacts of the disease on the individual’s quality of life.

What Food and Lifestyle Factors Are Important For Managing Chronic Pancreatitis?

  • Stop Any Alcohol: Alcohol can worsen inflammation and damage to the pancreas, so it’s essential to avoid alcohol consumption completely.
  • Low-fat diet: Focus on lean proteins, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables while limiting high-fat foods, fried foods, and fatty cuts of meat.
  • Small, frequent meals: Eat five to six smaller meals or snacks spaced evenly throughout the day to ease digestion and prevent overloading the pancreas.
  • Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids, especially water, to maintain hydration and support digestion. Avoid sugary beverages and caffeinated drinks.
  • Quit smoking: Smoking increases the risk of developing pancreatitis and worsens symptoms. Quitting smoking is crucial for managing chronic pancreatitis and improving overall health.
  • Medication management: Work closely with healthcare providers to manage medications or supplements, as some may worsen symptoms or interact with the condition.
  • Manage pain: Use pain management strategies such as over-the-counter or prescription medications, relaxation techniques, or alternative therapies like acupuncture or physical therapy.
  • Monitor blood sugar levels: Chronic pancreatitis increases the risk of developing diabetes. Monitor blood sugar levels regularly and follow a balanced diet to manage blood sugar effectively.

Prescription Enzyme Therapy

  • Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy (PERT): PERT supplements contain digestive enzymes (lipase, protease, and amylase) that help the body digest fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. These enzymes can aid in alleviating symptoms such as steatorrhea (oily stools) and malabsorption of nutrients due to pancreatic insufficiency.

Role of The Pancreas In Breaking Food Down Into Absorbable Nutrients

The pancreas is an essential organ in the digestive system, integral to the process of nutrient digestion and absorption. It functions by producing and secreting pancreatic juice, a vital fluid that contains a mix of digestive enzymes and bicarbonate, into the small intestine. This pancreatic juice plays a critical role in breaking down the complex molecules in the foods into smaller more absorbable components so that these nutrients can be absorped into the bloodstream.

The digestive enzymes produced by the pancreas include lipase, which is necessary for the digestion of fats into fatty acids and glycerol, enabling the body to absorb and utilize these fats for energy and cellular processes. Amylase is another enzyme secreted by the pancreas, responsible for breaking down carbohydrates into simple sugars like glucose, which is a primary energy source for the body’s cells. Additionally, the pancreas produces proteolytic enzymes, such as trypsin and chymotrypsin, which are essential for proteolysis – the breakdown of proteins into amino acids. These amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, crucial for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues.

Moreover, the bicarbonate component of pancreatic juice plays a significant role in neutralizing the acidic gastric contents that move into the small intestine from the stomach. This neutralization creates an optimal alkaline pH environment for the activity of digestive enzymes, ensuring that the digestive process is efficient and effective.

What is Steatorrhea?

Steatorrhea is a medical term that describes the presence of excess fat in your stool. This can cause the stool to appear pale and have an unusually strong odor. Steatorrhea stools have a frothy or oily texture. There may be an oily film on the surface of the water in the toilet after a bowel movement.

When steatorrhea is present, it means something is going wrong with fat digestion. The process of fat digestion begins with emulsification, which is performed by bile acids secreted from the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Bile acids break down large fat globules into smaller droplets, a process known as emulsification, which increases the surface area of the fats, making them more accessible to digestive enzymes. Once fat is broken down into these tiny drops, lipase enzymes from the pancreas can break them down into fatty acids and glycerol, which can then be absorbed into the body. Thus, while pancreatic enzymes are essential for the final steps of fat digestion, the first step of emulsification of fats is carried out by bile acids.

Steatorrhea can be caused either by a lack of sufficient bile from the liver, or a lack of enzymes from the pancreas. When bile is lacking, symptoms can be controlled by the addition of bile supplements in the form of Ox Bile. Likewise, if steatorrhea is the result of “exocrine pancreatic insufficiency” i.e. the lack of sufficient enzymes like amylase, lipase and others, symptoms may be relieved by pancreatic enzymes, both over-the-counter and prescription strength.

In Chronic Pancreatitis, because pancreatic enzymes are lacking, fats are not broken down and absorbed as they should be. Instead, undigested fats remain in the stool. As a result, the unabsorbed fats give the stool a greasy appearance and can cause it to float on the surface of the water in the toilet. Steatorrhea also highlights the risk that fat malabsorption will lead to nutritional deficiencies over time, especially essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K).

Although steatorrhea gives you a clear symptom that your fat digestion is off, other nutrients will also be affected. The pancreas also secretes enzymes to break down protein, so the

In chronic pancreatitis, poor enzyme production may lead to malnutrition over time. Maldigestion is often a complication of chronic pancreatic. The severity of maldigestion and malnutrition will depend partly on the severity of the underlying disease. When

  • Digestive enzymes: In addition to prescription pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT), supplemental digestive enzymes such as bromelain or papain may be used to support digestion and alleviate symptoms such as bloating, gas, and abdominal discomfort.
  • Fat-soluble vitamins: Chronic pancreatitis can lead to deficiencies in fat-soluble Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, and Vitamin K due to impaired absorption. Supplements containing these vitamins may be prescribed to prevent deficiencies and support overall health. [PMID: 27681502]
  • Vitamin E: Deficiency of Vitamin E is common in chronic pancreatitis, particularly in patients with steatorrhoea.
  • Vitamin B12: Persons with chronic pancreatitis may have reduced absorption of vitamin B12, leading to deficiency and potential neurological complications. [PMC8677375]
  • Calcium: Pancreatic insufficiency can affect the absorption of calcium, leading to deficiencies and an increased risk of bone-related disorders such as osteoporosis.
  • Magnesium: Around half the population of adults in the US are deficient in magnesium and absorption of magnesium in people with Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency can be compromised. Supplements containing magnesium may be recommended to maintain bone health, and support over 300 enzymatic reactions and metabolic pathways in the human body. These are involved in protein synthesis, muscle and nerve function, blood glucose control, and blood pressure regulation.
  • Omega-3 fatty acids: Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties and may help reduce inflammation in the pancreas associated with pancreatitis. [PMID: 19723085] In animal models, Omega-3 has been shown to kill pancreatic cancer cells. [PMID: 22903547]
  • Probiotics: Probiotic supplements containing beneficial bacteria may help support gastrointestinal health and improve digestion in persons with chronic pancreatitis. They can help restore the balance of gut bacteria and alleviate symptoms such as bloating, gas, and diarrhea. [PMC8885515]
  • Antioxidants: Supplements containing antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and zinc may help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the pancreas associated with chronic pancreatitis. [PMID: 10985097]
  • Herbal supplements: Certain herbal supplements may have anti-inflammatory and digestive properties that can help manage symptoms of chronic pancreatitis.
    • Curcumin: Turmeric/curcumin reduces inflammation and oxidative stress in the pancreas, potentially slowing the progression of the disease. [PMID: 25541178] [PMID: 12488237],
    • Ginger: Ginger has been studied for its role in pancreatitis due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which can support digestive health, and its antioxidant effects, which may contribute to lowering the risk of pancreatic cancer. [PMC4427290]
    • Peppermint: [PMC5814329], may have anti-inflammatory and digestive properties that can help manage symptoms of chronic pancreatitis.
  • Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs): MCT oil supplements provide easily digestible fats that can be absorbed directly into the bloodstream without requiring pancreatic enzymes. They may be beneficial for persons with chronic pancreatitis who have difficulty digesting traditional dietary fats. [PMC10456140]
  • Protein supplements: Protein malnutrition is prevalent in individuals with chronic pancreatitis, primarily due to deficiencies in pancreatic enzymes (trypsin and chymotrypsin) which are essential for the digestion of proteins, leading to impaired absorption and other factors related to maldigestion. Protein supplements, such as whey protein or plant-based protein powders, may be recommended to support muscle mass and overall nutritional status.

Antioxidant treatment had a positive effect in patients who suffered from pancreatic inflammatory pain, and its effectiveness should be tested before more aggressive and costlier treatments are considered.

Use of antioxidants to treat pain in chronic pancreatitis [PMID: 10985097]

Dietary supplements are not designed to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. This article aims to offer valuable insights into which nutritional supplements have undergone scientific study and shown promise in supporting specific health conditions. We break down the research, so you can work with your medical providers to make informed decisions about adding supplements to your health regimen. For personalized advice tailored to your needs, we recommend consulting with a registered dietitian in addition to your primary care provider.

Check with your physician when adding supplements. While supplements are generally safe for most people, do not add nutritional supplements without your physician’s specific approval if you are pregnant or nursing, are undergoing cancer treatment, have a history of organ transplant, liver or kidney disease, or take medications that interact with supplements.


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Are Pancreatitis Supplements Safe?

Several supplements are safe and beneficial for managing chronic pancreatitis. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are crucial as they help compensate for malabsorption issues common in pancreatitis. Vitamin B12 supports nerve function and energy production, which can be compromised in this condition. Calcium and magnesium are essential for bone health and muscle function, while omega-3 fatty acids can reduce inflammation. Probiotics aid in maintaining gut health, and antioxidants protect cells from damage. Digestive enzymes are necessary for proper food digestion, and herbal supplements can offer additional support. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) provide an easily digestible energy source, and protein supplements ensure adequate nutrition. These supplements, when used appropriately, can safely support the management of chronic pancreatitis.

Medication Interactions:

  • H2-receptor antagonists (e.g., ranitidine): PERT effectiveness may decrease due to increased stomach acidity, affecting enzyme activity. Similar to H2-receptor antagonists, these medications can lower PERT effectiveness by altering stomach acidity.
  • Proton pump inhibitors (e.g., omeprazole): Reduced stomach acid production may impede Vitamin B12 absorption from food or supplements. Similar to H2-receptor antagonists, these medications can lower PERT effectiveness by altering stomach acidity.
  • Orlistat (weight loss medication): Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins may be reduced due to Orlistat’s mechanism, possibly causing deficiencies. MCT absorption may decrease due to Orlistat’s mechanism, might lead to reduced effectiveness.
  • Tetracycline antibiotics (e.g., doxycycline): Calcium and magnesium supplements may bind to tetracycline antibiotics, decreasing their absorption and effectiveness.
  • Anticoagulant/antiplatelet medications (e.g., warfarin, aspirin): Omega-3 fatty acids may increase bleeding risk when taken with these medications.
  • Immunosuppressants (e.g., tacrolimus): Probiotics may theoretically enhance the immune system, could interfere with the action of immunosuppressive medications.
  • Chemotherapy drugs: Some antioxidants may interfere with chemotherapy treatments, possibly reducing their effectiveness.
  • Acid-reducing medications (e.g., proton pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists): Reduced stomach acid levels may hinder the effectiveness of digestive enzymes.
  • Blood-thinning medications (e.g., warfarin, aspirin): Herbal supplements such as ginkgo biloba, garlic, or ginger may increase bleeding risk when taken with these medications.
  • Levodopa (used in Parkinson’s disease treatment): High protein intake may interfere with levodopa absorption, reducing its effectiveness in managing symptoms.

Supplement Interactions:

  • Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy (PERT): Enhances absorption of fat-soluble vitamins by improving the breakdown and absorption of fats, aiding in the absorption of vitamins A, D, E, and K. Assists in calcium and magnesium absorption, ensuring adequate absorption of these essential nutrients by supporting proper pancreatic function. Supports probiotics by creating a more favorable gut environment through improved digestion, promoting the growth and effectiveness of beneficial gut bacteria.
  • Fat-soluble vitamins: Improves Vitamin B12 absorption, benefiting various bodily functions, by facilitating the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Enhances omega-3 fatty acid absorption, contributing to their anti-inflammatory and overall health-promoting effects, through improved fat-soluble vitamin absorption.
  • Vitamin B12: Aids calcium and magnesium absorption by supporting stomach acid synthesis, necessary for mineral absorption. Supports probiotic growth, contributing to a healthy gut microbiome, by promoting the growth and viability of probiotic bacteria in the gut.
  • Calcium and magnesium: Enhances probiotic viability and function, promoting digestive health, by supporting the growth and effectiveness of probiotic bacteria. Supports omega-3 fatty acid absorption, which has numerous health benefits, by aiding in their absorption.
  • Probiotics: Modulates gut microbiota, leading to improved digestion and nutrient absorption, by enhancing the activity of digestive enzymes. Aids herbal supplement breakdown and absorption, enhancing their bioavailability and effectiveness, by helping break down and metabolize certain compounds found in herbal supplements.
  • Digestive enzymes: Supports herbal supplement absorption by breaking down complex molecules found in food and supplements, enhancing their absorption and utilization. Aids in medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) absorption, promoting their utilization for energy production and other physiological functions, by assisting in their breakdown.
  • Herbal supplements: Enhances MCT absorption, promoting energy production and overall health, by containing compounds that enhance MCT absorption. Facilitates protein supplement absorption, supporting muscle mass and overall health, by containing compounds that enhance protein digestion and absorption.
  • Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs): Works with antioxidants to support muscle recovery post-exercise, providing fuel for muscle contractions and reducing oxidative stress. Reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, promoting overall health, by possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Food First!

Although this article discusses supplements in detail, don’t forget that we are absolutely committed to the “Food First” approach to nutrition. When it comes to your health, the totality of your eating habits far surpasses the impact of individual nutrients or any single supplement you consume. Even though this article doesn’t delve into the broader picture of your overall diet, it’s crucial to keep this element at the forefront of our minds. Your food needs to provide all the vitamins, minerals, fiber, and phytochemicals to nourish your body systems down to the cellular level.

Food choices, rather than supplements, are the most critical factors for a healthy gut microbiome. These trillions of tiny inhabitants in your gut affect your brain waves; they orchestrate your immune system. They possess the power to create molecules that can switch genes on or off and are even capable of synthesizing neurotransmitters. Opting for organic foods and steering clear of plastic packaging (including those labeled BPA-free) is a smart move to limit toxin exposure. The sum of all these parts leads to a powerful conclusion: the ultimate key to your health lies in the quality and balance of the food you consume. Supplements are secondary.

What To Eat

What Lab Tests Might Be Helpful In Managing Chronic Pancreatitis?

  • Amylase and Lipase Levels: Elevated levels of these enzymes in the blood may show pancreatic inflammation or damage.
  • Pancreatic Enzyme Levels: Testing for levels of pancreatic enzymes such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase can assess pancreatic function and help determine the need for enzyme replacement therapy.
  • Glucose Levels: Chronic pancreatitis can lead to impaired insulin production and diabetes. Monitoring blood glucose levels helps assess pancreatic endocrine function.
  • Liver Function Tests: Chronic pancreatitis can lead to complications such as obstruction of the bile duct, which can affect liver function. Liver function tests, including levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and transaminases, can help assess liver health.
  • Nutritional Markers: Testing for levels of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K), vitamin B12, calcium, magnesium, and albumin can identify nutritional deficiencies commonly associated with chronic pancreatitis.
  • Inflammatory Markers: Tests such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) can assess the degree of inflammation in the body, which may be elevated in cases of active pancreatitis.
  • Imaging Studies: While not lab tests per se, imaging modalities such as ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) are essential for diagnosing and monitoring chronic pancreatitis by visualizing the pancreas and surrounding structures.

To Sum It Up

The health benefits of Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy (PERT), along with a range of supplements including fat-soluble vitamins, Vitamin B12, Calcium, and magnesium, Omega-3 fatty acids, Probiotics, Antioxidants, Digestive enzymes, Herbal supplements, Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), and Protein supplements offer promising avenues for managing chronic pancreatitis. These supplements can help alleviate symptoms, address nutritional deficiencies, and support overall pancreatic health.


This Article is Not a Substitute for Medical Advice

Dietary supplements are not designed to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The Supplement Sciences website seeks to provide comprehensive access to the most relevant supplement information along with convenient online ordering. We do not provide medical advice and cannot guarantee that every product suggested is completely without risk. Since each person is unique in their health history and medication use, it is important to discuss supplements with your personal physician. Specifically, pregnant women and individuals being treated for cancer or liver or kidney problems must consult their physician about every nutritional supplement they plan to take. People taking medications for the treatment of HIV or with a history of organ transplant must not take supplements without consulting with their physician.


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