Stronger Bones: The Basics Plus Essential Nutrients for Managing Osteoporosis

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Osteoporosis is a condition that weakens bones, making them fragile and more prone to fractures. This deterioration in bone quality has a significant impact on bone health, affecting millions of people each year. Nutritional supplements can play a vital role in combating the effects of osteoporosis. These supplements can provide essential nutrients that support bone density and contribute to better skeletal health. From calcium and vitamin D to other minerals like magnesium, supplements offer a way to complement your diet for stronger bones.

Understanding the Nutrient-Bone Connection

Certain nutrients have a direct impact on bone density and structure, playing a critical role in maintaining or even improving bone health. Calcium is perhaps the most well-known of these nutrients; it serves as the building block of bones and teeth. A shortfall in calcium can lead to weaker bones, increasing the risk of fractures. Vitamin D works hand in hand with calcium by enhancing its absorption in the body, making it another key player in skeletal health.

Magnesium also holds importance for bone health. This mineral helps in the formation of a strong bone matrix and plays a role in converting vitamin D into its active form, further aiding calcium absorption. Phosphorus is another mineral that contributes to bone strength, forming part of the mineral complex that gives bones their rigidity.

Incorporating these essential nutrients through supplements can be an effective way to support bone density and structure. While it may not completely reverse the effects of osteoporosis, proper nutrient supplementation can provide valuable support to traditional treatment methods, helping to reduce the risk of debilitating fractures and improve overall bone health.

Exercise, Balance, And Safety

Creating a Safe Environment

Home safety is crucial for people with osteoporosis, as their bones are more prone to fractures from falls. Removing trip hazards is an essential step in creating a safer living environment. This includes securing rugs, decluttering floors, ensuring good lighting, and installing grab bars in high-risk areas like bathrooms. By reducing the risk of falls, you cut the chances of bone fractures, which are severe and slow to heal in people with osteoporosis. Simple changes in the home can provide a safer, more secure space, allowing people with osteoporosis to move more confidently and maintain their independence.

Weight Bearing Exercise

Exercise is a game-changer when it comes to maintaining and even improving bone health. Along with supplements and a balanced diet, physical activity creates the physical stress that signals the bones to strengthen. Engaging in weight-bearing exercises, like walking, jogging, or weight lifting, can stimulate bone formation and help improve bone density. These exercises apply pressure to your bones, sending signals that lead to increased deposition of calcium and other minerals.

Aerobic exercises, though not directly affecting bone density, can improve overall health and stamina. This is crucial because strong muscles and good balance can reduce the risk of falls, a common cause of fractures in people with weakened bones. Strength training exercises also contribute to bone health by putting stress on bones and muscles, leading to stronger bones over time.

Balance Exercise

Adding balance exercises to your daily routine can have a meaningful impact on your bone health by directly reducing your risk of falls. A simple habit like standing on one foot while brushing your teeth can enhance your balance and coordination. Improved balance is crucial for anyone concerned about bone health, especially those with weakened bones, as it reduces the likelihood of experiencing falls. Falls are a leading cause of fractures, particularly in people with compromised bone strength. By incorporating balance exercises into daily activities, you’re taking proactive steps to minimize fall risks, thereby protecting your bones from potential fractures.

Vibration Plate Exercise Machines

Vibration plate exercise machines are a useful tool for managing sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. These plates work by generating vibrations that cause muscles to contract reflexively. This offers a low-impact form of strength training. Studies suggest that regular use of vibration plates can lead to improvements in muscle mass and strength. [PMC5773163]

Accessibility for All Abilities: People who have mobility issues, even those who use walkers, can benefit from these machines. Standing or sitting on the vibration plate can help to activate muscle fibers, which is crucial for those who might find traditional exercise challenging.

Strength and Balance Improvement: For people with low muscle mass and osteoporosis, maintaining or improving muscle strength and balance is vital for preventing a potentially catastrophic fall. Vibration plates can stimulate muscle growth and enhance neuromuscular performance. This stimulation is particularly critical for improving lower body strength and balance to reduce the risk of falls.

A study looked at the effects of whole-body vibration on women with 43 women with osteoporosis who took calcium and vitamin D.  Researchers found better muscle activity and bone density in the women who had whole-body vibration and no change in the control group. [PMID: 32868028]

A larger review of all the studies on vibration therapy looked at the effects of vibration therapy on muscle mass, muscle strength, or on physical function in older adults with low muscle mass. The studies showed that muscle strength and physical performance were improved. The researchers concluded that vibration therapy could be a strategy for improving muscle strength and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia. [PMC7499918]

Adaptability and Safety: While it is important to be careful, a vibration plate is among the safest forms of exercise.

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Best Supplements for Bone Health

  • Calcium: This mineral is essential in the fight against osteoporosis, alongside regular exercise. Adults typically require about 1,000 to 1,200 mg of calcium daily, which can be obtained from dairy products, fortified foods, and supplements. This mineral acts as a fundamental building block for bones. Coupled with targeted exercise, calcium helps maintain and enhance bone density and strength, crucial for healthy bones. [PMID: 2200470] Learn all the details in our full article on Calcium.
  • Vitamin D: Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in addressing osteoporosis. Vitamin D is found in sunlight exposure, fatty fish, fortified foods, and supplements. Vitamin D improves the absorption of calcium in the gut, which is a critical process for maintaining bone health. Without adequate Vitamin D, our bodies can’t absorb calcium effectively, regardless of how much we consume. Furthermore, Vitamin D is essential for bone mineralization, a process that strengthens bones by increasing their calcium content. Ensuring sufficient Vitamin D intake is a key strategy in the prevention and management of osteoporosis. [PMC9403798] Vitamin D dosage should be adjusted based on your blood level with many clinicians recommending an optimal Vitamin D level of 50-80 ng/ml. Vitamin D labs can be ordered online through the NutriScape Lab Shop (Affiliate Link).
  • Vitamin K2: Vitamin K2, found in leafy greens, fermented foods, and supplements, plays a key role in bone mineralization. Vitamin K2 helps keep the calcium in your blood flowing to the bones rather than ending up in blood vessels where it does not belong. [PMC4566462] Incorporating foods rich in Vitamin K2 into your diet, or considering supplements if necessary, can be an effective strategy in supporting bone health and preventing osteoporosis. [PMC9403798]
  • Magnesium: Magnesium, found in leafy greens, nuts, seeds, and supplements, is essential for bone health, particularly in the context of osteoporosis. It works alongside calcium in bone formation. Magnesium also supports the function of enzymes that are directly related to bone health. [PMC8313472]
  • Collagen: Collagen is important in managing osteoporosis because it provides structural support for bones. Collagen may improve bone strength and flexibility, which is key in preventing fractures and maintaining healthy bone density. It’s found in bone broth and collagen supplements. Intake of 10-20 grams of collagen sources or supplements can complement other osteoporosis management strategies. [PMC8441532] Read more in our article: Collagen Peptides: Younger Skin, Stronger Bones, Less Joint Pain, Stronger Muscles, and Better GI Health.
  • Zinc: Zinc plays a crucial role in bone health, primarily through its involvement in bone formation and mineralization. It is a component of several enzymes and proteins that are essential for maintaining the strength and structural integrity of bones. Zinc influences the activity of osteoblasts (bone-building cells) and osteoclasts (cells that break down bone), helping to regulate bone remodeling – the ongoing process where new bone tissue replaces old tissue. Additionally, zinc is vital for the synthesis of collagen, a key component of the bone matrix. Zinc deficiency has been linked to decreased bone density and increased risk of osteoporosis, highlighting the importance of adequate zinc intake for bone maintenance and overall health. [PMC8229639]
  • Boron: Boron is a trace mineral that influences the metabolism of minerals that are crucial for bone development, such as calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D. Boron improves bone mineral density and reduces the risk of osteoporosis. Boron is thought to affect the activity and lifespan of bone-building osteoblast cells and may also reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in bones. Its role in regulating hormones like estrogen and vitamin D also contributes to its beneficial effects on bone health. [PMID: 32540741]
  • Strontium: Strontium is similar in structure to calcium and can replace calcium in the bone matrix, contributing to increased bone formation and reduced bone resorption (breakdown). Strontium can help in strengthening the bone and improving bone density. Its incorporation into bone tissue can lead to an increase in bone mass and a decrease in the risk of fractures, particularly in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. [PMC8235140]
  • Probiotics: Bones are in a constant process of breaking down and rebuilding. Researchers studied bone resorption marker C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and concluded that multispecies probiotics may have a preventive effect on bone through their anti-breakdown effect. [PMC10857023]
  • Melatonin: Melatonin has been shown to have a role in bone biology. It promotes the activity of osteoblasts, which are cells responsible for bone formation and suppresses the formation and activity of osteoclasts, which are cells involved in bone resorption. [PMC9585202]

After 12 months of consecutive supplemental micronutrient therapy with a combination that included vitamin D3, vitamin K2, strontium, magnesium and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), repeat bone densitometry was performed. … this combined micronutrient supplementation regimen appears to be at least as effective as bisphosphonates or strontium ranelate in raising BMD levels in hip, spine, and femoral neck sites. No fractures occurred in the group taking the micronutrient protocol. This micronutrient regimen also appears to show efficacy in individuals where bisphosphonate therapy was previously unsuccessful in maintaining or raising BMD.

Combination of Micronutrients for Bone (COMB) Study: Bone Density after Micronutrient Intervention [PMC3265100]

This one-year double blind randomized control trial assessed the effects of nightly melatonin, strontium (citrate), vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 (MK7; MSDK) on bone mineral density (BMD) and quality of life (QOL) in postmenopausal osteopenic women (ages 49-75). Compared to placebo, MSDK treatment increased BMD in lumbar spine (4.3%) and left femoral neck (2.2%).

Melatonin-micronutrients Osteopenia Treatment Study (MOTS): a translational study assessing melatonin, strontium (citrate), vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 (MK7) on bone density, bone marker turnover and health related quality of life in postmenopausal osteopenic women following a one-year double-blind RCT and on osteoblast-osteoclast co-cultures [PMC5310667]

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Food First!

Although this article discusses supplements in detail, don’t forget that we are absolutely committed to the “Food First” approach to nutrition. When it comes to your health, the totality of your eating habits far surpasses the impact of individual nutrients or any single supplement you consume. Even though this article doesn’t delve into the broader picture of your overall diet, it’s crucial to keep this element at the forefront of our minds. Your food needs to provide all the vitamins, minerals, fiber, and phytochemicals to nourish your body systems down to the cellular level.

Food choices, rather than supplements, are the most critical factors for a healthy gut microbiome. These trillions of tiny inhabitants in your gut affect your brain waves; they orchestrate your immune system. They possess the power to create molecules that can switch genes on or off and are even capable of synthesizing neurotransmitters. Opting for organic foods and steering clear of plastic packaging (including those labeled BPA-free) is a smart move to limit toxin exposure. The sum of all these parts leads to a powerful conclusion: the ultimate key to your health lies in the quality and balance of the food you consume. Supplements are secondary.

What To Eat

To Sum It Up

Nutritional supplements can offer a range of benefits for those grappling with osteoporosis. Calcium serves as the cornerstone of bone health, working to maintain and potentially improve bone density. Vitamin D aids in calcium absorption, making it another essential component in your wellness toolkit. Magnesium and phosphorus also contribute to the strength and rigidity of bones, rounding out a nutrient-based approach to skeletal health.

Taking a proactive approach to osteoporosis can make a world of difference. By incorporating the right supplements into your daily routine, you’re not just addressing symptoms; you’re actively contributing to a strategy aimed at enhancing your bone health. While supplements alone may not be a cure-all, they offer valuable support when used as part of a well-rounded treatment plan. Consider these supplements as useful tools in your broader effort to build stronger, healthier bones.


This Article is Not a Substitute for Medical Advice

Dietary supplements are not designed to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The Supplement Sciences website seeks to provide comprehensive access to the most relevant supplement information along with convenient online ordering. We do not provide medical advice and cannot guarantee that every product suggested is completely without risk. Since each person is unique in their health history and medication use, it is important to discuss supplements with your personal physician. Specifically, pregnant women and individuals being treated for cancer or liver or kidney problems must consult their physician about every nutritional supplement they plan to take. People taking medications for the treatment of HIV or with a history of organ transplant must not take supplements without consulting with their physician.


About the Author

Stephanie Figon, MS, RDN, LD

Creator of Supplement Sciences and NutriScape.NET. As a dietitian since 1992, Steph has had experiences in consulting, 15 years in clinical, and has operated a private practice nutrition counseling office for since 2011. Log in to comment and save this article on your board or send your comments to reviews@supplement-sciences.com

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