Author: Stephanie Figon, MS, RDN, LD

Creator of Supplement Sciences and NutriScape.NET. As a dietitian since 1992, Steph has had experiences in consulting, 15 years in clinical, and has operated a private practice nutrition counseling office for since 2011. Log in to comment and save this article on your board or send your comments to reviews@supplement-sciences.com

Anorexia: Essential Supplements To Nourish Recovery

Stephanie Figon, MS, RDN, LD November 2, 2024

Secure Ordering | Free Shipping | 20% Off Retail Prices

Along with providing information on whether these supplements for Anorexia might be right for you, this article also links to Fullscript where you can buy these supplements online through the secure healthcare formulary and get free shipping and 20% off the retail price of professional-grade supplements.

Anorexia nervosa often presents significant challenges to those affected, including nutritional deficiencies that can impair health and recovery. Nutritional supplements play a crucial role in addressing these deficits, providing essential vitamins, and minerals needed to support the body’s healing process. They are designed to complement a balanced diet, helping to ensure that people with anorexia receive the nutrients they need to maintain energy levels, support immune function, and contribute to overall well-being as they work towards recovery.

What Is Anorexia?

Anorexia, or anorexia nervosa, is an eating disorder that involves an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image. People with anorexia often go to great lengths to control their weight and shape, which can significantly interfere with their lives. Common symptoms include extreme food restriction leading to a significantly low body weight, an intense fear of eating and gaining weight, and a strong desire to be thin, often coupled with denial of the dangers associated with being underweight.

The causes of anorexia are complex and multifaceted, involving a mix of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Genetically, people might be predisposed to the disorder, and biologically, differences in brain structure or neurochemical imbalances can contribute. Environmental factors, such as cultural and peer pressures with an emphasis on thinness, can also play a significant role, as can psychological issues such as perfectionism, anxiety, and low self-esteem. Understanding anorexia is crucial not only for recognizing its symptoms but also for fostering empathy and support for those who struggle with this challenging condition.

Atypical Anorexia

Atypical anorexia nervosa is a subtype of the eating disorder where individuals meet many of the same criteria as those with anorexia nervosa, except that despite significant weight loss, their body weight remains within or above the normal range. This can make atypical anorexia more challenging to recognize, as the physical appearance of individuals might not suggest an eating disorder.

Common symptoms of atypical anorexia include intense fear of gaining weight and persistent behavior that interferes with weight gain, despite having a normal or above normal weight. People with this condition often experience similar psychological effects as those with typical anorexia, such as a distorted body image, an overwhelming fear of eating calories, and severe dietary restrictions. They may also engage in compulsive exercising or other behaviors to control weight and shape.

The causes of atypical anorexia are similar to those of the typical form, involving a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Recognition of atypical anorexia is essential, as individuals suffer the same risks of malnutrition, electrolyte imbalances, and other serious health problems as those who are visibly underweight.

What Food and Lifestyle Factors Are Important For Managing Anorexia?

Managing anorexia involves a comprehensive approach that includes medical care, psychological support, and nutritional counseling. Food and lifestyle factors play a crucial role in the recovery process. Here are key elements to consider:

Nutritional Rehabilitation

The primary goal is to restore body weight safely and gradually. It is very important to work with a registered dietitian nutritionist who can help address the many myths and misconceptions related to nutrition, as well as the many beliefs a person may have that are not necessarily grounded in fact. Good nutrition involves:

Regular Meals: Eating consistently is vital. Starting with small, frequent meals and snacks can help ease the process.
Balanced Diet: Incorporating a variety of foods from all food groups ensures a balanced intake of essential nutrients.
Energy Density: Foods that are higher in energy density can be beneficial in the initial stages of recovery to help meet caloric needs without requiring large volumes of food.
Structured Eating Times: RDs can help establish and maintain a structured meal plan with set times for meals and snacks. This routine helps to normalize eating patterns and can reduce anxiety associated with meal times. Regular, predictable meals can also help stabilize metabolism and mood, both of which are often disrupted in anorexia.
Mindful Eating: Dietitians can teach and reinforce the principles of mindful eating, which involves focusing on the physical and sensory experiences associated with eating. Mindful eating techniques encourage individuals to pay attention to the taste, texture, and aroma of food, as well as their body’s hunger and fullness signals. This can help those with anorexia develop a healthier relationship with food and improve their ability to recognize and respond to their body’s needs.

Psychological Support

Psychologists play a pivotal role in the recovery from eating disorders like anorexia nervosa, focusing extensively on the non-food-related psychological aspects of the disorder. Here’s how psychologists contribute to this area:

Emotional Regulation: Psychologists help individuals understand and manage their emotions, which often contribute to disordered eating behaviors. Therapy can provide strategies for coping with anxiety, depression, and stress without resorting to unhealthy eating habits.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): This type of therapy is commonly used to address the thought patterns and beliefs that contribute to the eating disorder. CBT helps individuals challenge distorted thoughts about body image, self-worth, and food, replacing them with healthier, more realistic perspectives.
Interpersonal Therapy (IPT): IPT focuses on the individual’s relationships and social functioning, which can be strained by the effects of an eating disorder. Improving communication skills, resolving conflicts, and strengthening social support networks are key components of IPT.
Self-esteem and Body Image Work: Psychologists often work to help individuals build self-esteem and develop a positive body image, independent of weight or appearance. This involves various therapeutic exercises and discussions that help shift focus away from body aesthetics to personal strengths and qualities.
Trauma-Informed Care: In cases where an eating disorder is linked to past trauma, psychologists may provide trauma-informed care, addressing and healing the root psychological impacts of traumatic experiences.

Lifestyle Adjustments

Lifestyle changes can support recovery:

Physical Activity: Moderate activity can be beneficial, but it’s crucial to balance exercise with adequate nutrition and to ensure that it does not interfere with the recovery.
Social Support: Engaging with supportive friends and family can provide encouragement and help improve eating habits.
Stress Management: Techniques such as yoga, meditation, or even simple breathing exercises can reduce stress, which is often a trigger for eating disorders.

Medical Monitoring and Adaptation

Monitoring progress with a healthcare provider is crucial:

Regular Check-ups: Frequent visits to a healthcare provider are important to monitor health status and adjust dietary plans as needed.
Flexibility: The dietary and lifestyle plan may need adjustments as recovery progresses or if challenges arise.

Nutritional Deficiencies In Anorexia

Nutritional deficiencies are a common and serious concern among people with anorexia, stemming primarily from prolonged inadequate intake of essential nutrients. These deficiencies can manifest in numerous physical and psychological health issues, profoundly impacting overall well-being and recovery efforts.

One of the most pressing concerns is the impact on bone health. Calcium and vitamin D deficiencies, for instance, lead to decreased bone density and increased risk of fractures, a condition known as osteoporosis. Iron deficiency is also prevalent and can result in anemia, characterized by fatigue, weakness, and impaired cognitive function, which can further complicate the recovery process.

Additionally, deficiencies in B vitamins, particularly folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin B6, can contribute to severe neurological and psychological disturbances, including depression and cognitive impairments. The lack of sufficient zinc can impair immune function, wound healing, and taste perception, which can further reduce the desire to eat and complicate nutritional rehabilitation.

The psychological implications of these deficiencies are equally concerning. The impact on cognitive function and mood can worsen the symptoms of anorexia, creating a cycle that is difficult to break without appropriate nutritional and psychological intervention.

Addressing these nutritional deficiencies is critical in the treatment of anorexia. It requires a comprehensive approach that includes medical supervision, dietary counseling, and often the use of specific supplements. Ensuring adequate nutrition not only supports physical health and recovery but also enhances psychological well-being, aiding in the overall recovery process and helping to prevent relapse.

Refeeding Syndrome

Refeeding syndrome is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that can occur when food is reintroduced to someone who has been severely malnourished. This condition involves rapid shifts in electrolytes that can take place as the body adapts to sudden nutritional intake after a period of starvation. When nutrients, especially carbohydrates, re-enter the system, the body shifts its energy use in a way that can disrupt electrolyte and fluid balances dramatically. This sudden change can lead to critical issues like heart problems, seizures, and respiratory issues.

After a period of semi-starvation, managing refeeding carefully is crucial. It involves a gentle and controlled reintroduction of food, monitoring vital nutrients closely, and adjusting the feeding plan based on the individual’s specific health needs. The process, while medically complex, is manageable with the right support and careful guidance.

What Nutritional Supplements Are Recommended For Anorexia?

Multivitamins: A comprehensive multivitamin supplement helps fill nutritional gaps in the diet of individuals recovering from anorexia. These vitamins ensure that essential micronutrients, which are often deficient due to restricted diets, are adequately supplied to support overall health and recovery. [PMC5372888, PMC3046018]
- Zinc: Zinc is vital for numerous biological functions, including immune response, cell division, and wound healing. It also supports the sense of taste and smell, encouraging better eating habits. Zinc supplementation can help address deficiencies and stimulate appetite in individuals with anorexia. [PMID: 17272939]
- B Vitamins: This group of vitamins, including folic acid, B6, and B12, is crucial for the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, and for the nervous system. They aid in energy production and are essential in the physiological treatment strategies for anorexia. [PMC9662251]
Calcium: Calcium is critical for building and maintaining strong bones. Due to dietary restrictions and potential hormonal imbalances that affect bone density, individuals with anorexia often require calcium supplementation to prevent bone deterioration and support bone health. [*]
Vitamin D: Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone health. It also plays a role in immune function and mood regulation. Because it is difficult to obtain sufficient Vitamin D from food sources alone, especially for individuals with limited dietary intake, supplementation is often necessary. Vitamin D dosages should be adjusted based on your blood level with many clinicians recommending an optimal Vitamin D level of 50-80 ng/ml. Vitamin D Labs (affiliate link) can be ordered in the NutriScape Lab Shop. [PMC11314167]
Iron: Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood. Deficiencies in iron can lead to anemia, characterized by fatigue and weakness. [PMID: 23392575] Cautious supplementing of iron is important for individuals with anorexia who may have inadequate dietary intake or who lose iron through menstruation.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids: These essential fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA from fish oil, are important for cardiovascular health and cognitive function. They are also linked to improvements in mood disorders such as depression, which are commonly associated with anorexia. [PMC6683166]
Magnesium: This common deficiency can have various health implications, including effects on neurological and muscular function, since magnesium is crucial for nerve transmission and muscle contraction. It also plays a role in bone health, cardiovascular stability, and energy production. [PMC6520973]
Electrolytes: Supplements containing electrolytes like potassium, magnesium, and sodium help maintain fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle function. They are particularly important for individuals who engage in purging behaviors, as these can disrupt the body’s electrolyte balance, leading to serious health risks. [PMC9644262]

Dietary supplements are not designed to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. This article aims to offer valuable insights into which nutritional supplements have undergone scientific study and shown promise in supporting specific health conditions. We break down the research, so you can work with your medical providers to make informed decisions about adding supplements to your health regimen. For personalized advice tailored to your needs, we recommend consulting with a registered dietitian in addition to your primary care provider.

Check with your physician when adding supplements. While supplements are generally safe for most people, do not add nutritional supplements without your physician’s specific approval if you are pregnant or nursing, are undergoing cancer treatment, have a history of organ transplant, liver or kidney disease, or take medications that interact with supplements.

Order Supplements For Managing Anorexia

Why Professionals Choose the Fullscript Formulary

Your health is on the line. Health professionals know that many other online and retail options set a very low bar for quality–sometimes amazingly low. The Fullscript formulary is the most secure online source for the highest quality brands securely sourced to assure freshness and purity. Here’s what makes Fullscript the best:

Meticulous vetting of brand quality. Meticulous vetting of brand quality. Health professionals trust Fullscript to monitor the quality of every item. While other retailers prioritize profit above all else, Fullscript focuses solely on quality and reliability. Unlike discount stores and large online marketplaces, you won’t find ingredients sourced from China or other questionable suppliers.

Free shipping over $50 and best prices when you order through Supplement Sciences.

Freshness. Fullscript prioritizes freshness over bulk buying.

Wide Selection: Access to the entire Fullscript formulary. Search for the exact brands and products you want.

Easy Sign-up & No Spam Email: Click “View Product” or the button below to be taken to Fullscript’s login page where you can quickly create your secure account with just your name, email, and phone number. Then you will be taken directly to the product page.

Supplement Safety Information

When managed under the supervision of healthcare professionals, the use of multivitamins, calcium, vitamin D, iron, zinc, omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, and electrolytes is generally safe and can be incredibly beneficial for individuals with anorexia. Regular monitoring by healthcare providers, including registered dietitians and physicians, ensures that the supplementation provides maximum benefit without risking adverse effects.

Medication Interactions:

Antibiotics: Calcium, iron, and zinc may interfere with the absorption of certain antibiotics such as tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, potentially reducing their effectiveness.
Blood Thinners: Omega-3 fatty acids can increase the effects of blood thinners like warfarin, potentially raising the risk of bleeding.
Thyroid Medication: The absorption of thyroid medications like levothyroxine can be reduced by iron and calcium supplements, which could diminish their efficacy.

Supplement Interactions:

Calcium: Calcium can decrease the absorption of iron supplements when taken simultaneously; it is advised to space out the intake of calcium and iron to maximize absorption.
Iron: Iron supplements can inhibit the absorption of zinc if taken simultaneously; to avoid this interaction, iron and zinc should be taken at different times.
Zinc: Zinc can interfere with the absorption of copper and iron; to minimize this effect, take zinc and these other supplements at different times of the day.
Vitamin D: Vitamin D enhances the body’s ability to absorb calcium.

Jump to Supplements ↓

When you purchase linked products presented on this page, Supplement Sciences, LLC receives affiliate fees so that our dietitians can continue to create great content.

Thank you for your support!

Order Supplements For Anorexia Support

Why Professionals Choose the Fullscript Formulary

Your health is on the line. Health professionals know that many other online and retail options set a very low bar for quality–sometimes amazingly low. The Fullscript formulary is the most secure online source for the highest quality brands securely sourced to assure freshness and purity. Here’s what makes Fullscript the best:

Meticulous vetting of brand quality. Meticulous vetting of brand quality. Health professionals trust Fullscript to monitor the quality of every item. While other retailers prioritize profit above all else, Fullscript focuses solely on quality and reliability. Unlike discount stores and large online marketplaces, you won’t find ingredients sourced from China or other questionable suppliers.

Free shipping over $50 and best prices when you order through Supplement Sciences.

Freshness. Fullscript prioritizes freshness over bulk buying.

Wide Selection: Access to the entire Fullscript formulary. Search for the exact brands and products you want.

Easy Sign-up & No Spam Email: Click “View Product” or the button below to be taken to Fullscript’s login page where you can quickly create your secure account with just your name, email, and phone number. Then you will be taken directly to the product page.

Access the Anorexia Supplement Plan on Fullscript

What Lab Tests Might Be Helpful In Managing Anorexia?

Managing anorexia often involves a comprehensive approach that includes psychological support, nutritional counseling, and medical monitoring. Lab tests are crucial in assessing the physical health of a person with anorexia and guiding treatment decisions. Here are several important lab tests that might be conducted:

Complete Blood Count (CBC) and Related Tests
- Hemoglobin and Hematocrit (Part of CBC): Measures oxygen-carrying capacity and red blood cell levels. Low levels can indicate anemia, often seen in anorexia due to poor nutrition, requiring dietary interventions or supplements.
- White Blood Cell Count (Part of CBC): Assesses immune response. Low counts suggest a weakened immune system, necessitating monitoring for infections and nutritional adjustments.
- CBC by Access Labcorp Draw: A comprehensive evaluation of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets to diagnose anemia and infections, guiding interventions to improve nutritional status and immunity.
Iron and Anemia-Related Tests
- Anemia Profile B by Access Labcorp Draw: Evaluates iron levels, ferritin, and transferrin saturation to identify anemia types and tailor treatment strategies.
- Ferritin by Access Labcorp Draw: Measures stored iron levels, aiding in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia and informing dietary or supplemental iron needs.
Electrolyte and Organ Function Panels
- Electrolyte Panel (Potassium, Sodium, Magnesium, Calcium): Checks levels of critical electrolytes that can be disrupted by eating disorder behaviors, such as purging. Imbalances can lead to serious cardiac and neurological issues, guiding electrolyte supplementation or dietary changes.
- Hepatic Function Panel by Access Labcorp Draw: Includes tests for liver enzymes (AST, ALT), bilirubin, and albumin to monitor liver health affected by malnutrition, informing dietary adjustments.
- Bilirubin and Alkaline Phosphatase (Liver Function Tests): Assesses bile flow and overall liver function, addressing liver health concerns and related vitamin deficiencies.
- Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and Creatinine (Kidney Function Tests): Evaluates kidney function and hydration status, with abnormalities often indicating kidney stress or dehydration, guiding hydration strategies and renal monitoring.
Thyroid and Metabolic Health
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and Free T4 (Thyroid Function Tests): Assesses thyroid health, which can be disrupted by malnutrition, impacting metabolism. Results inform nutritional and medical management to stabilize metabolic processes.
Vitamin and Nutrient Levels
- Vitamin B12 & Folate by Access Labcorp Draw: Measures levels of these essential nutrients, which are critical for red blood cell production and neurological function. Deficiencies may require targeted supplementation to prevent conditions like megaloblastic anemia.
- Vitamin D, 25-OH, Total by Access Labcorp Draw: Assesses vitamin D levels essential for bone health and immune function. Low levels are common in anorexia and may necessitate supplementation to prevent bone weakening and enhance immunity.
- Mineral Hair Analysis: Provides insights into long-term mineral levels in the body by analyzing hair samples, helping to identify imbalances or deficiencies that may not appear in standard blood tests.
- NutrEval by Genova Diagnostics: A comprehensive assessment of nutritional status, evaluating vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, amino acids, and other key markers. This test helps identify deficiencies and guide personalized dietary or supplementation strategies.
Bone Health
- Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) (Bone Density Scan): Evaluates bone density, identifying risks like osteopenia or osteoporosis. Results guide dietary and supplement recommendations for calcium and vitamin D to strengthen bones.

Food First!

Although this article discusses supplements in detail, don’t forget that we are absolutely committed to the “Food First” approach to nutrition. When it comes to your health, the totality of your eating habits far surpasses the impact of individual nutrients or any single supplement you consume. Even though this article doesn’t delve into the broader picture of your overall diet, it’s crucial to keep this element at the forefront of our minds. Food is one of the “Pillars of Health”. Your food needs to provide all the vitamins, minerals, fiber, and phytochemicals to nourish your body systems down to the cellular level.

Food choices, rather than supplements, are the most critical factors for a healthy gut microbiome. These trillions of tiny inhabitants in your gut affect your brain waves; they orchestrate your immune system. They possess the power to create molecules that can switch genes on or off and are even capable of synthesizing neurotransmitters. Opting for organic foods and steering clear of plastic packaging (including those labeled BPA-free) is a smart move to limit toxin exposure. The sum of all these parts leads to a powerful conclusion: the ultimate key to your health lies in the quality and balance of the food you consume. Supplements are secondary.

To Sum It Up

As we explore the roles of multivitamins, calcium, vitamin D, iron, zinc, omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, and electrolytes, it becomes clear how each supplement can support individuals recovering from anorexia. These nutrients aid in restoring physical health, improving emotional well-being, and stabilizing metabolic functions that are often compromised by this condition.

Supplementing the diet with these nutrients can help address specific deficiencies and support overall recovery. For instance, calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone health, while B vitamins and iron play crucial roles in energy production and blood health. Omega-3 fatty acids contribute to improved mood and cognitive function, which are vital for holistic treatment approaches.

While these supplements offer significant benefits, it is essential to approach supplementation with caution and under professional guidance. The complexities of anorexia require a tailored approach that considers all aspects of an individual’s health. Seeking advice from a registered dietitian can provide personalized guidance.

This Article is Not a Substitute for Medical Advice

Dietary supplements are not designed to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The Supplement Sciences website seeks to provide comprehensive access to the most relevant supplement information along with convenient online ordering. We do not provide medical advice and cannot guarantee that every product suggested is completely without risk. Since each person is unique in their health history and medication use, it is important to discuss supplements with your personal physician. Specifically, pregnant women and individuals being treated for cancer or liver or kidney problems must consult their physician about every nutritional supplement they plan to take. People taking medications for the treatment of HIV or with a history of organ transplant must not take supplements without consulting with their physician.

The Cost of Supplements: Does The Expense Make Sense?

Stephanie Figon, MS, RDN, LD September 28, 2024

One of the main reasons people have for not using supplements is the significant expense. How much should be budgeted for supplements? The right answer to that question will be vastly different from one person to the next. And you certainly won’t find an answer in this article, but you may find a different perspective on how to frame the question within your life circumstances.

How much to spend often depends largely on your finances. Acknowledging the financial struggles that many people face, most people have choices about where to invest their resources. Retirement accounts, homes, nice cars, medical insurance, vacations, restaurant meals, a gym membership, nutritional supplements, and the lowly grocery budget–all competing for your investment.

And yet, it’s impossible to know how much to spend on supplements unless you can compare costs to alternative expenses. What expense category do they belong in? Are supplements a grocery expense supplementing basic nutrients we should get from foods, or should they be considered under our health budget as an alternative to prevent later medical expenses? Would supplements support our mood and quality of life more than what we’re spending on coffee and dinners out? Only you can answer these questions. This article only seeks to provide some context for your choices by pointing out some realistic financial comparisons.

Your Body, The Most Important Vehicle You Will Ever Own

As the vehicle that carries our soul, our body is the most important vehicle we will ever have. Unlike a car that lasts an average of 12 years, we need to plan on maintaining our bodies to last 100 years in good condition.

Thankfully, our bodies are built to be self-repairing. Yet, our detoxification and repair systems only work properly when they have all the right building blocks in the form of nutrients, phytochemicals, and antioxidants. At the same time we need to limit the damage caused by toxins in our foods, personal care products, and environment. Then there is the inflammation caused by overeating, sedentary lifestyles, and stress.

One thing about this body–there’s no option to trade it in, and medicine can’t really fix much of what might go wrong with it. Yet when the body is truly healthy, most diseases go away or never show up.

Cheapest is not always the least expensive.
Talk Radio Host Bruce Williams

Most Americans Are Vastly Underinvesting in Health

When we really think about it, what to invest in the health of our body is an investment decision much like many others. Working under constant stress, drinking too much, sitting instead of moving, scrolling instead of sleeping, sugar and ultraprocessed foods in vast excess. Look around, we’re not healthy. That lack of physical health is robbing us of our mental health and quality of life.

By the time we reach retirement age, too many of us are suffering from multiple chronic health problems, unable to enjoy life, and spending vast amounts on medical care to try to mitigate the effects of decades of deferred health maintenance.

Time to Reframe Our Investment Strategies

Marketers begin selling things to us as toddlers and they never stop. Processed foods, new shoes, vacations, and nice cars generate their corporate profit and marketers know how to manipulate us to focus on those things. Yet media seldom focuses our attention on the things that matter most. Physical vitality and emotional health.

The “Pareto Principle” suggests that 80% of outcomes result from 20% of investment. It applies to our investments in our health as much as to any endeavor. Nutrition is the 20% of your health expenditure that gets you 80% of your health–the vitality that drives your productivity and gives you the emotional wellbeing to serve your family and friends and fulfill your purpose in life.

The Cost of Nourishing The Body: Food Costs

Investing in quality, nutrient-dense foods is not only a healthier choice but also a financially wise one. Consider the monthly expense for a single adult on a moderate-cost food plan, which ranges from $300 to $400. Surprisingly, a significant portion of the average American’s food budget—about 50% to 60%—is spent on ultra-processed foods, which often offer less nutritional value per dollar compared to whole foods. This expenditure extends to frequent dining at restaurants, coffee shops, and fast food outlets, which can further strain budgets while offering limited health benefits. By redirecting some of this spending towards higher quality groceries that are rich in nutrients, individuals can enhance their health, potentially reduce future medical costs, and get more value from their food budget. Making this shift not only supports personal health and well-being but also prioritizes long-term financial savings over immediate gratification.

The Cost of Disease Care In The US

The majority of “healthcare” spending is going to support treatment of chronic lifestyle diseases. This is a massive part of the U.S. economy, accounting for about 18% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Nearly one dollar out of every five goes to the treatment of diseases. This proportion reflects the comprehensive cost of all health services and products—from hospital care and physician services to nursing care, home health care, and drugs.

The high expenditure is driven by various factors including advanced medical technology, high prices for healthcare services, and an aging population requiring more intensive, long-term medical care. The cost of insurance is staggering:

Medicare: The government spends about $13,600 per enrollee each year. This includes coverage for hospital care, physician services, and prescription drugs.
Medicaid: The average government expenditure per Medicaid enrollee is approximately $8,100 annually. This cost varies depending on the population segment being served, with different states having different allocation strategies.
Private Insurance (Individual Market): For those purchasing insurance through the individual market without employer assistance, the average annual expenditure is about $6,900 per person. This figure can be offset by subsidies for eligible individuals.
Employer-Sponsored Insurance: The total annual expenditure per person for employer-sponsored insurance averages around $7,800. Employers typically pay a substantial portion of this, with the employee’s share averaging about $1,200 annually.

Medical Costs For The Top Diseases: “The Four Horsemen”

Among the many health issues we face, the “Four Horsemen” stand out as the most likely to affect our personal health—cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. These conditions stand out because they are so common and also because medical treatments don’t offer a cure. Instead, the focus is largely on managing symptoms and slowing progression.

Here’s some food for thought:

Cardiovascular Disease: Cost: $393 billion per year. * The American Heart Association reports that about 82.6 million people in the United States currently have one or more forms of cardiovascular disease. *
Cancer: In 2020, the U.S. spent over $200 billion on cancer care, with 42% of that being out-of-pocket expenses. * This works out to $43,516 for initial treatment, $5,517 for annual care, and $109,727 in the last year of life. *
Diabetes: Half of US adults have either diabetes or prediabetes. The total annual cost of diabetes in 2022 is $412.9 billion, including $306.6 billion in direct medical costs and $106.3 billion in indirect costs. People with diagnosed diabetes now account for one of every four health care dollars spent in the U.S. * The average cost of a diagnosis of diabetes is $12, 022 per year for diabetes, 19000/year total. *
Alzheimer’s: In 2022, the estimated healthcare costs associated with AD treatment were $321 billion. The total lifetime cost of care for a patient with dementia is estimated at $412,936. *

Inflammation: The Driver Of All Disease

Chronic inflammation is a fundamental key driver in the progression of many diseases, including the “Four Horsemen”. Each of these conditions is influenced by inflammatory processes that damage all our body systems at a cellular level, disrupt normal bodily functions, and accelerate disease progression. For example:

Cancer: Chronic inflammation contributes to the creation and growth of cancerous cells by causing DNA damage and supporting the environment that tumors need to grow and spread.
Diabetes: In type 2 diabetes, chronic low-grade inflammation impairs the body’s ability to use insulin effectively, leading to insulin resistance and eventually to the disease itself.
Cardiovascular Disease: Inflammation plays a critical role in the development of atherosclerosis, where inflamed arteries become lined with fatty deposits, leading to heart attacks and strokes.
Alzheimer’s Disease: Chronic inflammation is believed to play a crucial role in neuronal damage and the decline of cognitive functions in Alzheimer’s disease.

The Medical Industry vs Nutrients & “Lifestyle Medicine”

Given that many medical treatments primarily manage symptoms rather than cure diseases, it makes sense to focus more on prevention. By choosing to eat more anti-inflammatory foods, we can cut the inflammation that drives these chronic diseases leading to disease. The solutions are simple. Whole foods like fruits, vegetables, nuts, whole grains, and fatty fish are packed with omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and phytonutrients that help calm inflammation and keep our bodies healthier. This proactive approach to food choices can make a big difference in how we feel and how we manage our health in the long run.

On the other hand, it is just as important to cut intake of pro-inflammatory foods, soda with its massive doses of inflammatory high fructose corn syrup, sugary deserts and baked goods in toxic doses, deep fried fast foods, and all-too-convenient ultra-processed foods. These foods create the inflammation that drives all of these diseases.

Along with changing our food choices, incorporating anti-inflammatory supplements like turmeric, omega-3 fatty acids, and green tea can also support the body’s natural defenses against inflammation. Together, these nutritional strategies along with exercise and stress management form a comprehensive approach that truly aims at the center of the root causes of these diseases before the “Four Horsemen” can take hold.

To Sum It Up

It’s clear that our reliance on traditional medicine is failing to cure the chronic diseases of today. It is clear that we should be investing far more in nutrition to prevent the need for medicine. The future of healthcare lies in individuals taking charge of their health. When evaluating the cost of quality food and nutritional supplements it’s important to evaluate their value within the context of a healthcare system that is massively overspending on disease care.

By investing in foods rich in anti-inflammatory nutrients, committing to regular physical activity, and incorporating research-backed supplements, we can take charge of our personal health and reduce our risk of chronic diseases. This is the only approach that improves our quality of life and cuts the need for invasive and expensive medical intervention. Investing in health is the best decision we can make for our future.

Supplement Plans: Sign In To Access Health Focused Plans on Fullscript

Stephanie Figon, MS, RDN, LD August 25, 2024

How It Works

Sign into our secure online supplement dispensary on Fullscript to be taken directly to each supplement plan. Keep in mind that all the supplement plans are designed to provide an abundance of alternative suggestions including all or most of the supplements that have been shown to provide benefit for the given health condition.

These plans are set up to give you all the best options. Use them as the first step in your research to find effective supplements. Follow links to Supplement-Sciences.com articles to get detailed information on food sources, medication interactions, and more information on how each supplement works.

Keep in mind that dietary supplements are not designed to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. For personalized advice, consult with a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist or your medical provider.

Medication Interaction Supplement Plans

Oral Contraceptives & Hormone Replacement
- Oral Contraceptives
- Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)
Diabetes, Cholesterol, And Blood Pressure
Reflux
- GERD/RX-Antacid User’s Supplement Plan
Other Medications

Brain Function And Cognition Plans

ADHD & Autism
Brain Fog and Cognitive Impairment
Mood Support
Sleep Support
- Sleep Supplement Plan
- Sleep – Option Two: Insomnitol

Digestive Support Supplements

Men’s & Women’s Health and Fertility

Women’s Health
Men’s Health

Diabetes & Metabolic Health

Heart Health, Blood Pressure, And Cholesterol

Liver Health

Weight Management

Sports

Wellness And Anti-Aging

Alcohol & Addiction

More Supplement Plans:

Grounding: Electron Deficiency And How Walking Barefoot Might Be The Ultimate Anti-Inflammatory

Stephanie Figon, MS, RDN, LD August 18, 2024

Grounding, or earthing, is the simple practice of making direct contact with the Earth’s surface, whether by walking barefoot on grass or touching soil, sand, or water. This practice is based on the idea that the Earth carries a mild negative charge. When people are in physical contact with the Earth, this charge is transferred to the body, helping to balance the body’s electrical environment. But how exactly does this process work? To understand grounding, it’s helpful to explore the basic principles of electricity and how the body uses electrical energy.

How Does Grounding Work?

Electricity is the movement of electrons, which are negatively charged particles. In a wire, electricity flows when electrons move from one point to another, driven by a difference in charge. Positive charges, known as protons, remain fixed in place, creating an environment where electricity can flow. This flow of electrons is what powers everything from light bulbs to complex machinery.

The human body, like a wire, also conducts electricity. Our cells use electrical energy to perform essential functions. One of the ways cells generate energy is by pumping protons (positively charged particles) across their membranes. This process creates a difference in charge on each side of the membrane. This electrical gradient is then used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the molecule that provides energy for almost all cellular activities.

The important thing to know is that we can accumulate an excess of positive charges, and another way to think of this is to say we have a deficiency of electrons (negative charges).

Grounding helps restore electrical balance by allowing the body to absorb electrons from the Earth. Since the Earth carries a negative charge, rich in free electrons, grounding helps neutralize the excess positive charge in the body. Grounding helps restore the body’s supply of electrons.

These electrons travel through the body’s collagen connective tissue and are stored there, where they will be needed to neutralize positively charged free radicals called reactive oxygen species (ROS). [PMC4378297]

Our immune cells, particularly neutrophils and macrophages, use an “oxidative burst” to kill pathogens. This process involves the rapid production and release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are highly reactive free radicals.

The generation of ROS consumes electrons, leaving behind a greater concentration of positively charged molecules inside the immune cell.

Grounding reconnects the body with a source of free electrons that helps restore and maintain an electrical balance.

Electrons from earth serve as a potent neutralizer or quencher of electron-seeking free radicals. The term electron deficiency may be appropriate to describe the largely ungrounded status of most of humanity. As noted, the modern lifestyle, notably the wearing of shoes with synthetic soles, has severed us from our electric roots, our connection with earth and its natural supply of electrons. Earthing may perhaps be a way to transfer electrons and fortify mitochondria, thus contributing to optimum levels of ATP production in our cells.
Grounding – The universal anti-inflammatory remedy [PMC10105021]

What Are the Health Benefits of Grounding

Grounding has been studied for its potential health benefits, and several peer-reviewed studies suggest that it may offer a range of positive effects on physical and mental well-being. Here are some of the specific health benefits associated with grounding:

Reduction in Inflammation: Inflammation is a common response of the immune system to injury or illness, but chronic inflammation is linked to many health problems, including heart disease, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders. Studies have shown that grounding can reduce markers of inflammation in the body. This reduction is thought to occur because grounding provides the body with electrons from the Earth, which may neutralize free radicals and decrease oxidative stress—a key driver of inflammation. [PMC4378297]
Pain Relief: Grounding has been associated with a reduction in pain, particularly in people with chronic conditions like arthritis and fibromyalgia. Research suggests that by reducing inflammation and improving circulation, grounding may help alleviate pain. Participants in some studies reported less pain and improved mobility after grounding, indicating a potential role in pain management. [PMC4378297]
Improved Sleep: Many people who practice grounding report better sleep quality. Research supports this, with studies showing that grounding can help regulate circadian rhythms and reduce nighttime cortisol levels—a hormone associated with stress. By balancing cortisol levels, grounding may help people fall asleep faster and experience deeper, more restorative sleep. [PMC3265077]
Stress Reduction and Mood Improvement: Grounding has been linked to reduced stress and improved mood. Studies have shown that grounding can lower cortisol levels [PMID: 15650465], which are often elevated in people who are stressed or anxious. By reducing cortisol, grounding may promote relaxation and a sense of calm, contributing to overall mental well-being. Some people also report feeling more connected to nature and more grounded emotionally after practicing grounding. [PMID: 25748085]
Enhanced Cardiovascular Health: Cardiovascular health can benefit from grounding in several ways. Research suggests that grounding may improve blood flow and reduce blood viscosity (thickness). [PMC4378297] Lower blood viscosity means that the blood flows more easily, reducing the risk of clots and potentially lowering blood pressure [PMID: 16078955]. These effects could support heart health and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.
Faster Recovery from Injury and Exercise: Grounding has also been studied in the context of physical recovery, particularly after exercise or injury. Some research indicates that grounding can reduce muscle damage, improve recovery times, and decrease the perception of pain after intense physical activity. This is believed to be due to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of grounding, which help the body recover more quickly. [PMC6360250]
Improved Wound Healing: Some studies have indicated that grounding may enhance the body’s ability to heal wounds. This effect is thought to be related to the reduction of inflammation and improved circulation that grounding provides. In one study, participants who were grounded showed faster healing of skin wounds compared to those who were not. [PMC4378297]
Support for Immune Function: The immune system may also benefit from grounding. Some studies suggest that grounding can improve immune function by reducing inflammation and supporting overall health. By lowering stress and balancing the body’s electrical environment, grounding may help the immune system function more efficiently, potentially reducing the frequency and severity of illnesses.
Reduced Blood Sugar Levels: There is some evidence to suggest that grounding may help regulate blood sugar levels. In one study, participants with diabetes who practiced grounding showed improvements in blood glucose levels. While more research is needed to confirm this effect, it points to a potential benefit for people managing diabetes or at risk for developing the condition. [PMC3154031]
Vagal Tone: In a neonatal ICU, premature infants who received grounding therapy had a 67% increase in vagal tone. This suggests better stress regulation and heart rate variability that may lead to better outcomes for these vulnerable infants.[PMC5542808]
Enhanced Athletic Performance: Athletes and those involved in regular physical activity may benefit from grounding due to its potential to reduce muscle soreness, improve recovery times, and enhance overall performance. [PMC3116537] Grounding might also help stabilize heart rate variability, which is an indicator of physical fitness and resilience.
Possible Anti-Aging Effects: Some proponents of grounding suggest that it could have anti-aging effects, primarily due to its potential to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. While this benefit is more speculative, the reduction in free radical damage could theoretically slow down some processes associated with aging. [PMC10105023]
Reduced Symptoms of Autoimmune Diseases: People with autoimmune diseases, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, may experience relief from symptoms when practicing grounding. The anti-inflammatory effects of grounding are believed to play a role in reducing the severity of autoimmune responses. While this is still an area of ongoing research, some individuals with autoimmune conditions report improvements in pain, fatigue, and overall well-being. [PMC4378297]
Potential for Improved Immune Response During Illness: Grounding may also enhance the body’s immune response during illness by lowering stress levels and inflammation. This could theoretically help the body fight off infections more effectively, though more research is needed to confirm this benefit. [PMC9381424]
Better Skin Health: Some people report improvements in skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and acne when practicing grounding. The reduction in inflammation and oxidative stress might contribute to healthier skin, with some studies suggesting that grounding can improve skin hydration and reduce redness. [Researchgate.net: 353156602]
Support for Mental Clarity and Focus: Grounding has been associated with improved mental clarity and focus. By reducing stress and promoting relaxation, grounding may help people feel more centered and present, which can enhance concentration and cognitive function. [PMID: 31831261]
Mood: Grounding is sometimes used in holistic approaches to emotional healing and trauma recovery. Some people find that connecting with the Earth helps them feel more stable and secure, which can be beneficial in processing emotional pain or past trauma. While this is more of an experiential benefit, it is valued by those who incorporate grounding into their mental health practices. [PMID: 25748085]
Improvement in Cognitive Disorders: There is some speculation and early research into the effects of grounding on cognitive disorders such as dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. [PMC8954071] The idea is that by reducing oxidative stress and improving overall brain function, grounding might help slow cognitive decline.
More: Anecdotal and less well-documented effects include the following:
- Hormonal Balance: Grounding has been linked to hormonal balance, particularly in relation to stress hormones like cortisol. By reducing cortisol levels, grounding may help balance other hormones in the body, potentially aiding in the management of conditions like adrenal fatigue, thyroid disorders, and menstrual irregularities.
- Enhanced Detoxification: Grounding is also believed to support the body’s natural detoxification processes. By improving circulation and reducing inflammation, grounding may help the body eliminate toxins more efficiently. This can be particularly beneficial for people exposed to environmental pollutants or who are undergoing detoxification protocols.
- Improved Digestive Health: Some people have reported improvements in digestive issues, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or chronic constipation, after practicing grounding. The theory is that by reducing stress and inflammation, grounding may help regulate the digestive system and improve gut health.
- Enhanced Respiratory Function: Although not widely studied, there are anecdotal reports of improved respiratory function among people with conditions like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who practice grounding. The reduction in systemic inflammation might help ease breathing and reduce the frequency of respiratory flare-ups.

Because the continuous semiconducting fabric of the body reaches into every part of the body, including the interiors of all cells and their nuclei, mobile electrons in the grounded or earthed person are thought to be capable of rapidly neutralizing ROS produced by oxidative metabolism taking place in every cell and tissue.
Illnesses in technologically advanced societies due to lack of grounding (earthing) [PMC10105023]

Grounding and Cortisol

Grounding, or earthing, has been found to have a normalizing effect on cortisol levels, which are a key indicator of stress in the body. Cortisol, known as the “stress hormone,” typically follows a 24-hour day-night rhythm, peaking in the morning and gradually declining throughout the day. Disruptions in this rhythm, often due to chronic stress, can lead to health issues like insomnia, anxiety, and immune dysfunction. Studies have shown that grounding can help restore a natural cortisol rhythm by reducing elevated cortisol levels, particularly in those with high stress. This normalization may contribute to better sleep, reduced stress, and overall improved well-being, as the body returns to a more balanced state. [PMC3265077]

Methods of Grounding

Grounding can be done in several ways. Walking barefoot on natural surfaces like grass, sand, or dirt is the simplest method. Swimming in natural bodies of water, such as oceans or lakes, also connects the body to the Earth’s energy. For those who prefer to stay indoors, grounding mats or sheets can be used. These products are designed to simulate the effect of grounding by connecting to the Earth through a grounded outlet.

Natural Methods of Grounding

Grounding, or earthing, can be practiced in several ways, each offering unique benefits based on how you connect with the Earth’s energy.

Walking Barefoot: The most straightforward method of grounding is walking barefoot on natural surfaces like grass, sand, soil, or even mud. This direct contact with the Earth allows the transfer of electrons from the ground to your body, which is believed to help balance your internal electrical state. Walking barefoot not only enhances grounding but also promotes sensory stimulation of the feet, which can improve balance and overall physical health.
Swimming in Natural Bodies of Water: Immersing yourself in natural bodies of water, such as oceans, lakes, or rivers, is another effective way to ground. Water is an excellent conductor of electricity, and swimming allows for full-body contact with the Earth’s electrons. This method is particularly beneficial as it combines grounding with the calming effects of being in nature and the physical benefits of swimming.
Gardening or Sitting on the Ground: Gardening is another practical way to engage in grounding. By handling soil and plants, you make direct contact with the Earth, which can help reduce stress and promote relaxation. Simply sitting or lying on the ground, whether on grass, sand, or dirt, is also an effective method. This approach can be combined with activities like meditation or yoga to enhance the grounding experience and promote a sense of calm and well-being.

Jump to Supplements ↓

When you purchase linked products presented on this page, Supplement Sciences, LLC receives affiliate fees so that our dietitians can continue to create great content.

Thank you for your support!

Using Grounding Products: A Practical Solution for Modern Living

While walking barefoot on grass or gardening are great ways to connect with the Earth, they aren’t always practical. Many people live in urban environments where natural surfaces are hard to come by, or they spend most of their time indoors, making it challenging to engage in traditional grounding practices. For others, walking barefoot might not be workable due to weather conditions, safety concerns, or simply a lack of time.

This is where grounding products come in. These tools allow people to experience the benefits of grounding by simply plugging into the ground in your existing electrical outlets or choosing specialized footwear. Here are some options:

Grounding Sheets: Grounding sheets are designed to be used on your bed, allowing you to stay grounded while you sleep. These sheets contain conductive threads woven throughout the fabric, which connect to a grounded outlet. By using grounding sheets, you can experience the benefits of grounding for several hours each night, which may help improve sleep quality and promote overall well-being. Shop for Grounding Sheets (Amazon Affiliate Link)
Grounding Mats & Mouse Pads: Grounding mats are versatile and can be placed under your feet while sitting at a desk, on the floor while you meditate, or even on the bed to lie on while sleeping. These mats are made from conductive materials that transfer the Earth’s electrons to your body when connected to a grounded outlet. They are particularly popular for use during work or relaxation periods, helping to keep you grounded throughout the day. Shop for Grounding Mats Grounding Mouse Pads (Amazon Affiliate Link)
Grounding Footwear: Grounding footwear is designed with conductive soles that allow you to stay grounded while walking on various surfaces, including concrete or pavement. These shoes are especially useful in urban settings where it’s difficult to find natural surfaces for grounding. By wearing grounding shoes, you can benefit from the Earth’s electrons even during your daily routine, whether you’re running errands or going for a walk. Shop for Grounding Footwear (Amazon Affiliate Link)
Grounding Bands and Patches: Grounding bands or patches are smaller, portable options that can be worn on the body. These are often used during specific activities, such as working out or while sitting for extended periods. The bands are typically worn around the wrist or ankle, and the patches are adhered to specific points on the body. Like other grounding products, they connect to the Earth’s energy through a grounded outlet, allowing for localized grounding. Grounding Bands and Patches (Amazon Affiliate Link)

To Sum It Up

Grounding is a simple practice based on reconnecting with the Earth’s natural energy, particularly its electrons, which may help neutralize excess positive charges in the body. Research suggests that grounding could have an anti-inflammatory effect, potentially reducing oxidative stress and inflammation—key factors linked to various health issues. Many people report feeling more balanced, less stressed, and healthier after grounding. Whether through walking barefoot, swimming, or using grounding products, this practice offers a natural way to support overall well-being. Grounding is an accessible option for those looking to improve their health by harnessing the Earth’s energy.

Reading Nutrition Research: Why Substances That Work Don’t Always Get Credit

Stephanie Figon, MS, RDN, LD July 28, 2024

Interpreting nutrition research is always controversial. It’s not uncommon for studies to return with findings that puzzle both scientists and consumers alike—particularly when a study fails to detect an effect that might actually exist. This article aims to shed light on this phenomenon, exploring the nuances to consider when you follow any of our PubMed article links. This article gets into the weeds to cover some critical concepts to understand when reading research including things like Type I vs Type II errors, statistical significance, and confounding variables. But first, we’ll address the philosophy Supplement Sciences uses when deciding when the research is “good enough” to mention.

Supplement Sciences Has A Bias

Yes, we fully acknowledge a bias toward reporting positive findings. Even when the studies on a topic don’t all agree. Even though more research is needed. Even when the research is mixed.

Many skeptics seem to take great pride in rejecting the benefits of an intervention in their “more rigorous” interpretations of the research. Such skeptics rarely acknowledge the risk, often much larger, that they will falsely dismiss study interventions that are likely to have real benefit.

Supplement-Sciences.com articles are written with the perspective of 30 years of clinical experience as a registered dietitian nutritionist. Research is selected as worthy/unworthy of reporting based on this clinical perspective as well as a master’s degree that focused primarily on developing the skills needed to design, defend, and analyze research methodologies. Our philosophy is designed to serve the interests of people who would rather have potentially imperfect nutritional evidence they can use today rather than “more rigorous” research that will ultimately arrive years too late to be useful.

Science Takes Too Long for Those Who Need Answers Today

It often pays off to be an early adopter when research starts to show that nutritional discoveries can make a difference in health. Throughout over 30 years of my career as a dietitian, there has been a clear pattern of researchers revealing an understanding of a nutritional principle many many years before their research is widely acknowledged. Researchers estimate that it typically takes 17 years from the time that something is in the peer-reviewed literature until it shows up in clinical practice where your physician is likely to know about it. [PMID: 37018006]

Trans fats are a classic example. Here’s the timeline:

1981: Mensink and Katan Study: Identifies the negative impacts of trans fats on cholesterol levels, noting that they both raise LDL (bad cholesterol) and lower HDL (good cholesterol).
1985: Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT): A large-scale, long-term clinical trial provided indirect insights into the effects of trans fats on lipid levels and cardiovascular risk.
1987: Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT): This study on dietary patterns and heart disease, highlighted the negative impact of trans fats.
1988: Harvard Nurses’ Health Study (Initial Reports): This study began to provide critical data linking trans fat intake and heart disease risk.
1990: Harvard School of Public Health: Research demonstrates a strong association between trans fat intake and an increased risk of heart disease.
1993: Lancet Study: Study confirms the understanding of how trans fats increase the risk of heart disease.
1994: USDA Consideration: The U.S. Department of Agriculture begins to consider requiring trans fat labeling.
2002: National Academy of Sciences Report: The report declares that the only safe level of trans fats is zero.
2003: FDA Trans Fat Labeling Requirement: The FDA announces the requirement for trans fats to be listed on Nutrition Facts labels.
2006: Implementation of FDA Labeling: The FDA’s requirement for trans fat labeling officially takes effect.
2015: FDA’s Determination on Partially Hydrogenated Oils: The FDA determines that partially hydrogenated oils are not “Generally Recognized as Safe”.
2018: Complete Ban on Trans Fats: The FDA’s ban on partially hydrogenated oils becomes effective.

Today, there are parallels playing out when discussing glyphosate, atrazine, and GMO crops as well as a multitude of other nutritional questions.

“No Good Evidence…”

Even with the massive widespread health implications of trans fat intake for the entire population and the research funding that goes with that, studies on trans fats still took many years to come to a consensus. Is it any wonder, then, that you might read that “There’s no good evidence for XYZ supplement.” Some cite that at least with FDA-approved drugs, there’s evidence that they work, implying that anything that isn’t FDA-approved doesn’t have evidence.

It can be a shock to learn that even “evidence-based medicine” comes up short when it comes to having “good evidence” according to Cochrane Reviews, a global organization with researchers from over 130 countries. In fact, one Cochrane review finds that most healthcare interventions (94%) were not supported by high-quality evidence. Further, they found that 8.1% of medical interventions caused harm.

Objective: To estimate the proportion of healthcare interventions tested within Cochrane Reviews that are effective according to high-quality evidence.

Results: Of 1,567 eligible interventions, 87 (5.6%) had high-quality evidence supporting their benefits. Harms were measured for 577 (36.8%) interventions. There was statistically significant evidence for harm in 127 (8.1%) of these. Our dependence on the reliability of Cochrane author assessments (including their GRADE assessments) was the main potential limitation of our study.

Conclusion: More than 9 in 10 healthcare interventions studied within recent Cochrane Reviews are not supported by high-quality evidence, and harms are under-reported.
Most healthcare interventions tested in Cochrane Reviews are not effective according to high quality evidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis [PMID: 35447356]

How To Read The Research

Below, we move beyond the debate about what is “good evidence” and get into some of the more technical aspects of nutrition research. These include statistical significance, positive and negative findings, and Type I vs. Type II errors.

This technical detail can help make it easier to understand the maddening back and forth of the media reports that overstate the conflicts and inconsistencies in nutritional studies. The media is motivated to get your eyes on their stories. The more sensational the headline, the better chance you’ll read it. Ad revenue and time on page is what makes the bottom line. Correct interpretation and reporting can’t match the importance of the bottom line.

What It Takes For Research To Report Positive Findings

It helps to understand what researchers need to accomplish in order to report that something appears to work. No one has a magic formula for designing research studies that are valid and reliable. Within their budgets, researchers do the best they can to design studies to find the truth. Here’s what researchers need in order to report that something probably works:

Statistics: A 19 out of 20 statistical chance that the result of the study wasn’t a fluke.
Peer Review: The reputation of the publishing journal is affected by the quality of the research they publish. By publishing the article, the researchers on the editorial board of that journal believe:
- That the study is designed well enough to eliminate any major risk of confounding factors invalidating the results.
- The study was able to reach valid and reliable results
- That the results are reported appropriately according to scientific standards
- That the researchers have a good reputation within their field
- That any conflicts of interest are not significant enough to invalidate the study.
Financial resources: Funding can be hard to come by in nutrition research because nutrients and natural plant molecules cannot be patented. As a result, many studies are very small and underpowered to pick up nuanced effect sizes.

Validity and Reliability

Validity and reliability are cornerstone concepts in research. Validity refers to how well a study measures what it is supposed to measure. For instance, if a study aims to evaluate the effect of a diet on blood pressure, validity would mean that the methods truly measure the impact of the diet on blood pressure and not something else.

Reliability, on the other hand, refers to the consistency of a measure—a reliable study design produces stable and consistent results over time and across different conditions. If a study’s findings can be consistently replicated under similar methodologies, the study is considered reliable.

Both validity and reliability are crucial for building a solid foundation of credible and dependable research, enabling scientists and practitioners to draw meaningful conclusions and make informed decisions.

Blinding in Nutrition Research

Blinding is a crucial methodological technique used in nutrition research to minimize bias and ensure objectivity in the study outcomes. In a blinded study, participants, and often the researchers themselves, are unaware of which participants are receiving the treatment or intervention and which are receiving a placebo. This can be single-blind, where only the participants are unaware, or double-blind, where both participants and researchers are kept in the dark. For example, in a study examining the effects of a new dietary supplement, neither the subjects nor the investigators know who is receiving the supplement and who is receiving a placebo. This prevents participants’ and researchers’ expectations or preconceptions from influencing the behaviors, treatment administration, and interpretation of results, leading to more reliable and valid conclusions.

Placebo Control in Nutrition Research

Placebo control is a fundamental component of rigorous nutritional studies, particularly in clinical trials. In nutrition research, a placebo must be indistinguishable in taste, texture, and appearance from the dietary product being tested. Using a placebo allows researchers to isolate the effects of the dietary intervention from psychological and physiological effects not attributable to the intervention itself. For instance, if a study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a protein supplement on muscle growth, participants might receive either the protein supplement or a placebo with no nutritional value. Any differences in muscle growth can then be attributed to the actual effects of the protein supplement rather than participants’ beliefs or expectations about taking it, thus affirming the real impact of the nutritional intervention.

Statistical Significance

In research, the null hypothesis is the default assumption that “nothing special is happening” between the things we’re studying. The job of the researchers is to see if they can prove this assumption wrong. In other words, they set up the study so that they can prove whatever the relationship is, it is not “nothing”.

The p-value measures the probability that the results would occur by accident even if there were no actual effect. The standard p-value of less than 0.05, means there’s statistically less than a 5% probability that the results are due to random chance rather than a real effect. In other words, there is strong evidence to reject the null hypothesis.

Reaching “statistical significance” means that there is a 19 out of 20 chance that the effects are not due to chance. In nutrition research, this is a 95% confidence level that a relationship exists between the nutrient being studied and the health benefit, assuming the experimental design and analysis are correct. Reaching “statistical significance” means that the probability of the observed effect occurring by chance is less than 5%. It suggests there is a 95% confidence that the observed differences are not due to random variation, provided the study design and execution are sound.

The 0.05 level is a convention that has been historically established in the sciences. It strikes a balance between being too lenient and too strict. Setting the bar at 0.05 helps prevent too many false positives (claiming an effect exists when it doesn’t, a Type I error) without being so stringent that real effects are too often missed (Type II error). More on Type I and Type II errors below.

To take this further, it’s interesting to notice when a study reports a p-value of “p<0.001”. This means there is less than one chance in a thousand that the result was reached just by random chance. Pretty impressive.

Achieving statistical significance can be challenging for several reasons:

Small Sample Sizes: Studies with a small number of participants may not have enough power to detect an effect, even if one exists. The smaller the sample, the harder it is to achieve statistical significance.
Effect Size: If the true effect of a supplement is small, it requires larger sample sizes or more sensitive measures to detect it. Studies not designed to capture subtle effects might fail to reach the statistical significance threshold.
Variability in Data: High variability within the sample can obscure real effects. For example, if the response to a supplement varies widely among participants, it can be difficult to detect a consistent pattern that meets the criteria for statistical significance.

While the 0.05 threshold is a useful tool for assessing the likelihood that a study’s results reflect true effects, it is not a definitive measure of truth. It is merely a convention that shows the probability of the results occurring by chance. Researchers must carefully design studies to ensure adequate power (enough people in the study) to detect meaningful effects, consider the size and variability of the sample, and use appropriate statistical corrections when necessary. This approach helps in making robust and reliable conclusions from the data.

Confounding Variables

Imagine researchers are trying to figure out if vitamin D helps improve bone health. If they don’t consider how much calcium participants are consuming—Calcium is a confounding variable.

Now, for a more complex example, when researchers study the effects of multivitamins on overall health. If they are not controlling for a range of factors such as age, smoking, stress levels, diet quality, genetic predispositions, or socioeconomic status, the study’s results can become muddled. For instance, if a study finds that multivitamins do not significantly improve health, this conclusion overlooks that certain subgroups, such as older adults or smokers, might indeed benefit from multivitamins, while others may not.

People often think that the larger the number of participants in the study, the better the study. But, in this multivitamin study, including a large and diverse group of participants with these confounding variables is a drawback. The wide targeting means that specific beneficial effects for certain subgroups could be diluted by the non-effects in others. For example, if multivitamins help reduce stress-related health issues but only in individuals who have high-stress jobs, this effect might be lost in a large study that includes many people with low-stress lifestyles. Similarly, the benefits of multivitamins might vary greatly with diet quality; those already consuming a nutrient-rich diet might show little to no effect from additional vitamins, overshadowing potential benefits seen in those with poorer diets.

This kind of broad-brush approach in large studies can obscure the nuanced ways in which multivitamins might impact different groups of people, emphasizing the need for well-designed studies that account for these variables to truly understand who might benefit the most from multivitamin supplements.

Understanding Positive vs. Negative Findings

Results of nutritional research falls into two categories: positive findings and negative findings. Understanding these outcomes is important for interpreting the implications of research.

A positive finding means that the results show a clear connection between the nutritional component and a specific health outcome, such as improved heart health, increased bone density, or enhanced immune function. Positive findings mean that there definitely seems to be an effect.

Negative Findings are not as easy to interpret. Negative findings arise when the study does NOT find the supplement or nutrient has the expected health benefit under the study conditions. It is important to note that a negative finding does not necessarily prove that the supplement has no effect whatsoever. Rather, it shows that the study, with its specific conditions, did not observe an effect. The reasons for this could vary, including factors such as insufficient sample size, incorrect dosage, or inadequate study duration. For example, a short 6-week study of low-dose Vitamin D on bone health in subjects who are not deficient in the vitamin is going to have negative findings.

Understanding False Positives And False Negatives

Navigating the complexities of research often involves understanding the nuances of false positives (Type I errors) and false negatives (Type II errors). These are critical concepts that researchers and readers alike must grasp to accurately interpret findings.

A false positive (Type I error) happens when a study mistakenly indicates an effect is present when it isn’t. Imagine being told a medication works when it actually doesn’t; this is the essence of a false positive. Typically, researchers set a risk threshold of 5% for these errors, which means there’s a small chance that findings might be due to random fluctuations rather than a real effect.

On the flip side, false negatives (Type II errors) happens when a study fails to detect an effect that actually does exist. Often, this happens because the study doesn’t have enough participants or isn’t long enough to reveal a subtle effect or the methods used aren’t sensitive enough to detect it.

To Sum It Up

This article delves into the complex and often controversial world of nutrition research, addressing why studies sometimes produce perplexing or contradictory results. It explores critical concepts such as confounding variables, Type I and Type II errors, and statistical significance—key factors that can influence the outcomes of research studies.

We also discussed the philosophy used by Supplement Sciences in evaluating whether research is robust enough to cite. By unpacking these nuanced aspects of scientific studies of nutrients and supplements, we hope our readers will find it easier to understand and interpret research findings found in the PubMed article links.

Multiple Sclerosis: Navigating The Key Nutrients to Optimize Your MS Journey

Stephanie Figon, MS, RDN, LD July 9, 2024

Secure Ordering | Free Shipping | Best Quality | Best Prices

Along with providing information on whether Multiple Sclerosis supplements might be right for you, this article also links to Fullscript where you can buy high quality supplements. Order online through Fullscript’s secure healthcare formulary to get the best prices and free shipping on professional-grade supplements.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex condition that can impact daily life in many ways, and managing its symptoms effectively is crucial. Nutritional supplements are often explored as one way to support health alongside conventional treatments. Supplements such as Vitamin D, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, B Vitamins, Magnesium, and others like Probiotics and Antioxidants have shown promise in research for their roles in reducing inflammation, supporting nerve function, and enhancing immune health. This article explores how these supplements might benefit those managing MS, offering a clearer understanding of their possible effects on the body.

What Is Multiple Sclerosis?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive disease that targets the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord. This condition unfolds due to an immune-mediated process in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues. Specifically, in MS, this misdirected immune response leads to the destruction of myelin, the fatty substance that surrounds and insulates nerve fibers. This damage hampers the transmission of signals within the brain and between the brain and other parts of the body.

The symptoms of MS are diverse and depend significantly on the extent of the nerve damage and the specific nerves affected. Common symptoms include severe fatigue, which is experienced by about 80% of those diagnosed; numbness or tingling sensations in the face, body, or extremities; and muscle weakness or spasms that can be particularly debilitating. Visual disturbances are also typical, with persons often experiencing partial or complete vision loss, usually beginning in one eye, coupled with pain during eye movement. Other signs include poor coordination and balance, which manifest as unsteady walking and difficulty performing daily tasks, as well as issues with bladder and bowel control, such as increased urination frequency and constipation. Additionally, many people with MS report feeling dizzy or lightheaded.

The precise cause of MS remains unknown, but it is widely recognized as an autoimmune disorder influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and possibly viral factors. While anyone can develop MS, it is most commonly diagnosed in people between the ages of 20 and 50 and is more prevalent among women. Environmental factors, such as smoking or past viral infections, also play a role in increasing the risk of developing this condition. Understanding and managing MS involves recognizing these symptoms early and seeking appropriate medical intervention to slow the progression of the disease and maintain quality of life.

What Food and Lifestyle Factors Are Important For Managing Multiple sclerosis?

Anti-inflammatory Foods: Incorporate foods like fatty fish, nuts, leafy greens, and berries to help reduce inflammation, a key factor in MS symptom flare-ups. These foods are rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants that can help control inflammatory responses in the body.
High Fiber Foods: Adding fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to your diet aids in maintaining regular bowel function, which is crucial since constipation is a common issue for people with MS. Fiber helps to keep the digestive system flowing and supports overall gut health.
Vitamin D Intake: Foods rich in vitamin D, such as fortified milk, cereals, fatty fish, and egg yolks, are important as high levels of vitamin D have been linked to a reduced risk and severity of MS. Regular exposure to sunlight can also naturally boost vitamin D levels, which supports immune function and bone health.
Balanced Diet: A well-rounded diet that includes lean proteins, whole grains, and diverse fruits and vegetables can enhance overall health and help manage MS symptoms. This nutritional balance helps maintain energy levels and supports the body’s repair processes.
Regular Exercise: Physical activity can help improve physical strength, muscle tone, balance, and coordination, all of which can be affected by MS. Activities like walking, swimming, and yoga not only enhance physical fitness but also improve mental health.
Adequate Rest: Managing fatigue is crucial for people with MS, as it is one of the most common symptoms. Getting enough sleep at night and taking rest breaks throughout the day can help conserve energy and reduce fatigue.
Stress Management: Chronic stress can trigger or worsen MS symptoms, making stress management techniques like mindfulness, meditation, and deep breathing exercises essential. These practices can help maintain mental balance and reduce the physiological impacts of stress.
Avoid Smoking and Limit Alcohol: Smoking has been shown to worsen MS symptoms and speed up disease progression, so quitting smoking is highly recommended for those diagnosed with MS. Similarly, alcohol should be consumed in moderation, as it can interfere with medications and exacerbate symptoms.
Heat Management: MS symptoms can flare up when the body overheats, so it is important to use cooling strategies such as wearing cooling vests or staying in air-conditioned environments during hot weather or while exercising. These practices help maintain normal body temperature and prevent symptom exacerbation.
Regular Check-ups: Regular consultations with healthcare professionals are vital for monitoring the progression of MS and adjusting treatment plans as needed. These check-ups help in managing the disease proactively and tailoring interventions to individual needs.

What Nutritional Supplements Are Recommended For Multiple Sclerosis?

Evening Primrose Oil: A study found that evening primrose oil (EPO) significantly improved cognitive function, vitality, and life satisfaction, and reduced pain and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis, although it did not affect the overall progression of the disease. [PMC6003444]
Omega-3: Found in fish oil and flaxseed oil, omega-3s are praised for their anti-inflammatory properties, which can be especially helpful in managing conditions like MS. Research indicates that omega-3 fatty acids and fish oil supplements can enhance the quality of life for MS patients by reducing inflammation, decreasing relapse rates, and balancing fatty acid ratios. A review stated, “Omega-3 and fish oils supplementations have beneficial effects on reducing the relapsing rate, inflammatory markers, and improving the quality of life for MS patients.” [PMID: 31462182] [PMID: 37606147]
B Vitamins: These vitamins are vital for nerve health and energy. B12, in particular, is crucial, and supplementing it can be beneficial. A study found that high-dose supplements of Vitamins B1, B6, and B12 significantly improved visual function in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and visual impairment from acute optic neuritis. [PMID: 32669520]
N-acetylcysteine (NAC): A study demonstrated that patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) taking 600 mg of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) twice daily for 8 weeks had reduced certain markers of oxidative stress and improved anxiety symptoms. [PMC10496087]
Probiotics: Maintaining a healthy gut microbiome with probiotics may influence your immune response and possibly lessen MS symptoms. Recent studies indicate that gut microbiota interventions like diets, probiotics, fecal transplants, and intermittent fasting significantly improve multiple sclerosis symptoms by positively affecting inflammation, fatigue, disability scores, and emotional health. PMC10743570 [PMC6213508]
Antioxidants (Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E): These help combat oxidative stress—a condition that’s often elevated in chronic illnesses like MS, protecting your cells from damage. Research into antioxidant therapies shows potential to slow or prevent MS progression by mitigating oxidative damage, highlighting the need for further investigation to develop new treatments. PMC6682972
Curcumin: With its strong anti-inflammatory effects, turmeric is another supplement that might help reduce overall inflammation in the body. In animal models of MS, Curcumin shows potential in treating multiple sclerosis by enhancing cell growth, modulating immune responses, and improving neurological and nerve insulation symptoms through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. [PMC9369178]
Alpha-Lipoic Acid: This antioxidant is thought to help reduce inflammation and has been studied for its potential to slow the progression of MS, particularly in the secondary progressive phase. PMC5489387 [PMC8841304]
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10): As an antioxidant that helps generate energy in cells, CoQ10 is sometimes taken by people with MS to improve energy levels and reduce fatigue. PMC6381428 [PMC8069673]
Quercetin: This flavonoid has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It’s thought to help reduce inflammation and strengthen the immune system. [PMC10638059]
Vitamin D: Since Vitamin D may help modulate the immune system and people with MS frequently have lower levels, it’s commonly recommended to supplement this vitamin. [PMC10571821]
Ginger: Often used for its anti-inflammatory properties, ginger might help manage inflammation which can be beneficial for people with MS. [PMID: 30243185]

Order Supplements For Managing Multiple sclerosis

Why Professionals Choose the Fullscript Formulary

Your health is on the line. Health professionals know that many other online and retail options set a very low bar for quality–sometimes amazingly low. The Fullscript formulary is the most secure online source for the highest quality brands securely sourced to assure freshness and purity. Here’s what makes Fullscript the best:

Meticulous vetting of brand quality. Meticulous vetting of brand quality. Health professionals trust Fullscript to monitor the quality of every item. While other retailers prioritize profit above all else, Fullscript focuses solely on quality and reliability. Unlike discount stores and large online marketplaces, you won’t find ingredients sourced from China or other questionable suppliers.

Free shipping over $50 and best prices when you order through Supplement Sciences.

Freshness. Fullscript prioritizes freshness over bulk buying.

Wide Selection: Access to the entire Fullscript formulary. Search for the exact brands and products you want.

Easy Sign-up & No Spam Email: Click “View Product” or the button below to be taken to Fullscript’s login page where you can quickly create your secure account with just your name, email, and phone number. Then you will be taken directly to the product page.

Supplement Safety Information

When considering supplements for managing Multiple Sclerosis (MS), safety is a key concern. Vitamin D, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, B Vitamins, Probiotics, Antioxidants such as Vitamins C and E, Curcumin, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), Quercetin, and Ginger are safe for most people when taken in appropriate doses. These supplements have been studied for their benefits in various aspects of health, including immune system support, inflammation reduction, and nerve health, which are particularly relevant for MS.

Medication Interactions:

Steroids and Weight Loss Drugs: Interact with Vitamin D, which can decrease calcium absorption and can affect bone health.
Blood Thinners (Warfarin, Aspirin, Ibuprofen): Can interact with Omega-3 Fatty Acids and increase the risk of bleeding. Additionally, Vitamin E and Ginkgo Biloba may also increase bleeding risk when taken with these medications.
Epilepsy Drugs: Vitamin B6 can reduce the effectiveness of these medications.
Antibiotics: Magnesium can affect the absorption of certain antibiotics. Vitamin B12 might also interact with specific antibiotics, which could reduce their effectiveness. Quercetin may alter the effects of antibiotics as well.
Immunosuppressant Drugs: Probiotics can interact with the effectiveness of immunosuppressive medications.
Anticoagulant Drugs (Warfarin): Turmeric (Curcumin) and Ginger can slow blood clotting, increasing the risk of bleeding. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) may decrease the effectiveness of warfarin, may require dose adjustments.
Diabetes Medications: Alpha Lipoic Acid can lower blood sugar levels, which may interact with diabetes medications.
NSAIDs: Similar to blood thinners, Omega-3 Fatty Acids can increase the risk of bleeding when taken with NSAIDs.
Blood Pressure Medications: Quercetin may interact with blood pressure medications, may affect their effectiveness.
Stimulant Drugs: Green Tea Extract contains caffeine and can increase the side effects of stimulant drugs, including increased heart rate and heightened alertness. Additionally, it may interfere with the metabolism of drugs processed by the liver.

Supplement Interactions:

Omega-3 Fatty Acids: May interact with other blood-thinning supplements like garlic and ginkgo, which could increase the risk of bleeding.
B Vitamins: Vitamin B6 in high doses can interact with Vitamin B1 (thiamine), which may lead to imbalances. Folate (B9) and Vitamin B12 should also be balanced to avoid masking symptoms of deficiency in one by supplementing the other.
Probiotics: When taken with other supplements that affect gut flora, such as prebiotics, they can influence each other’s effectiveness.
Antioxidants (Vitamins C and E): Vitamin C can increase iron absorption from supplements, which is beneficial but can be a concern for those with conditions like hemochromatosis. Vitamin E in high doses can interact with Vitamin K and affect blood clotting.
Turmeric (Curcumin): Can enhance the effects of other anti-inflammatory supplements like fish oil and ginger, which might increase anti-inflammatory responses.
Alpha Lipoic Acid: This may enhance the effect of other antioxidants such as Vitamin C and Vitamin E, possibly leading to an imbalance in antioxidant levels.
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10): When taken with other antioxidants like Vitamin E, it can affect how each is absorbed and utilized by the body.
Quercetin: May interact with other supplements that affect blood pressure, like hawthorn, and could alter their effects.
Ginger: Similar to turmeric, it can enhance the effects of other anti-inflammatory and blood-thinning supplements, may increase these effects.

Jump to Supplements ↓

When you purchase linked products presented on this page, Supplement Sciences, LLC receives affiliate fees so that our dietitians can continue to create great content.

Thank you for your support!

Order Supplements For Nutritional Fatigue Support

Why Professionals Choose the Fullscript Formulary

Your health is on the line. Health professionals know that many other online and retail options set a very low bar for quality–sometimes amazingly low. The Fullscript formulary is the most secure online source for the highest quality brands securely sourced to assure freshness and purity. Here’s what makes Fullscript the best:

Meticulous vetting of brand quality. Meticulous vetting of brand quality. Health professionals trust Fullscript to monitor the quality of every item. While other retailers prioritize profit above all else, Fullscript focuses solely on quality and reliability. Unlike discount stores and large online marketplaces, you won’t find ingredients sourced from China or other questionable suppliers.

Free shipping over $50 and best prices when you order through Supplement Sciences.

Freshness. Fullscript prioritizes freshness over bulk buying.

Wide Selection: Access to the entire Fullscript formulary. Search for the exact brands and products you want.

Easy Sign-up & No Spam Email: Click “View Product” or the button below to be taken to Fullscript’s login page where you can quickly create your secure account with just your name, email, and phone number. Then you will be taken directly to the product page.

Order the Multiple Sclerosis Supplement Plan on Fullscript

What Nutrition Lab Tests Might Be Helpful In Managing Multiple Sclerosis?

Vitamin D Levels: Since low levels of vitamin D are associated with an increased risk of MS and possibly more aggressive disease activity, monitoring vitamin D levels can help guide supplementation needs.

Food First!

Although this article discusses supplements in detail, don’t forget that we are absolutely committed to the “Food First” approach to nutrition. When it comes to your health, the totality of your eating habits far surpasses the impact of individual nutrients or any single supplement you consume. Even though this article doesn’t delve into the broader picture of your overall diet, it’s crucial to keep this element at the forefront of our minds. Food is one of the “Pillars of Health”. Your food needs to provide all the vitamins, minerals, fiber, and phytochemicals to nourish your body systems down to the cellular level.

Food choices, rather than supplements, are the most critical factors for a healthy gut microbiome. These trillions of tiny inhabitants in your gut affect your brain waves; they orchestrate your immune system. They possess the power to create molecules that can switch genes on or off and are even capable of synthesizing neurotransmitters. Opting for organic foods and steering clear of plastic packaging (including those labeled BPA-free) is a smart move to limit toxin exposure. The sum of all these parts leads to a powerful conclusion: the ultimate key to your health lies in the quality and balance of the food you consume. Supplements are secondary.

To Sum It Up

Supplements like Vitamin D, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, B Vitamins, Magnesium, Probiotics, Antioxidants (Vitamins C and E), Turmeric, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Coenzyme Q10, Ginkgo Biloba, Quercetin, Ginger, and Green Tea Extract offer a variety of health benefits that may support the management of Multiple Sclerosis. These nutrients help reduce inflammation, enhance nerve function, and regulate the immune system, contributing positively to overall health. The effectiveness of these supplements can vary, so incorporating them into a daily routine should be done thoughtfully, focusing on the specific health benefits they provide.

This Article is Not a Substitute for Medical Advice

Cod Liver Oil: A Natural Source for Omega 3, and Vitamins A and D

Stephanie Figon, MS, RDN, LD March 9, 2024

Secure Ordering | Free Shipping | Best Quality | Best Prices

Along with providing information on whether cod liver oil supplements might be right for you, this article also links to Fullscript where you can buy high quality supplements. Order online through Fullscript’s secure healthcare formulary to get the best prices and free shipping on professional-grade supplements.

Cod liver oil is well known for its rich nutritional content, including omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins A and D. This article aims to provide insight into how these nutrients contribute to overall health.

What Is Cod Liver Oil?

Cod Liver Oil is obtained from the liver of cod fish, predominantly harvested in the North Atlantic. This dietary supplement is noted for its content of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins A and D, which are associated with various health benefits. These benefits cover support for cardiovascular health, improvement in bone density, and enhancement of immune system function.

This supplement has a long history of use, valued for both its nutritional content and health-promoting properties. The process of extracting the oil ensures that it retains its beneficial components, making it a source of essential nutrients that may not be sufficiently consumed through the diet alone.

Nutrient Content of Cod Liver Oil

Here are the estimations for nutrients you will find in cod liver oil

Nutrient	Per Teaspoon Cod Liver Oil (5 mL)	Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA)	Upper Limit
EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid)	300 mg
DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid)	370 mg
Vitamin A	1500 IU	700 – 900 mcg for adults	10,000 IU
Vitamin D	130 to 340 IU	600 IU for most adults

These values are approximate.

Potential for Toxins In Cod Liver Oil

Although Cod liver oil is a good source of the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA as well as vitamins A and D, there are some things to watch. Consumers need to be aware of concerns about the presence of contaminants such as mercury, PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), and dioxins in fish oil supplements. These environmental toxins accumulate in marine environments.

Large fish like tuna and cod tend to accumulate more toxins than smaller fish due to their position higher up in the food chain and their longer lifespan, which allows more time for bioaccumulation of substances like mercury and other pollutants from their prey.

Mercury, a heavy metal, is of particular concern due to its potential for causing neurological damage and other health issues. It tends to accumulate in the muscle portion of fish rather than fat portions. Dioxins and PCBs tend to concentrate in the fatty portions of fish. PCBs and dioxins, once widely used in industrial applications, are known for their persistence in the environment and potential to disrupt hormonal function in humans.

Quality supplement manufacturers are careful to take measures to reduce PCB contaminants although such efforts are largely voluntary. Molecular distillation and the use of activated carbon filters can effectively remove impurities without diminishing the oil’s nutritional value. While the FDA sets tolerances for PCBs in fish oil supplements, it does not specifically mandate testing for PCBs by manufacturers. Be careful to choose quality brands.

What Are the Benefits of Cod Liver Oil?

Cod liver oil is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), which are known for their heart health benefits and ability to reduce inflammation. It is also high in vitamins A and D, which play crucial roles in maintaining healthy vision, immune function, and bone health. Vitamin A is essential for eye health and immune system function, while vitamin D is vital for calcium absorption and bone metabolism.

Rich in Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Cod liver oil, rich in omega-3 fatty acids, has been shown to significantly lower blood pressure, particularly in elderly people. The study found that regular intake of cod liver oil is linked to lower systolic blood pressure. By improving blood pressure and reducing triglycerides, cod liver oil helps maintain a healthy heart and lowers the risk of heart-related issues. /PMID: 23043064
High in Vitamins A and D: Cod liver oil is particularly beneficial for lactating mothers by boosting their intake of essential fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin A, E, and D. The presence of these vitamins in higher quantities in breast milk ensures better health for both the mother and the breastfeeding baby. Cod liver oil supplementation effectively supports overall health by ensuring adequate intake of these vital nutrients. /PMID: 11786649
May Reduce Inflammation: Omega-3s and vitamin D in cod liver oil can help decrease inflammation, benefiting conditions like arthritis. Including cod liver oil into your diet may help reduce your reliance on other medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to manage arthritis symptoms. /PMID: 18362100
Supports Brain Health: ~~Omega-3 fatty acids are vital for maintaining brain function and may improve mood disorders.~~
May Improve Bone Health: Vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium absorption and bone metabolism. Without enough vitamin D, your body can’t absorb calcium effectively, which can lead to weak bones and conditions like osteoporosis. A study found that traditional Norwegian fish dish, made from cod, cod liver, and cod roe, is a great source of vitamin D. /PMID: 12725340
Supports Healthy Skin: ~~Vitamins A and D, along with omega-3 fatty acids, can promote skin health by enhancing hydration and elasticity.~~
Supports Eye Health: ~~Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin A in cod liver oil contribute to maintaining good vision and may prevent age-related macular degeneration.~~
Enhances Immune System Function: ~~Vitamin D in cod liver oil plays a critical role in immune health, helping to protect against infections and illnesses.~~
May Reduce Risk of Autoimmune Diseases: Vitamin D has been linked to a lower risk of certain autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Taking Vitamin D, especially from cod liver oil during the teenage years might help reduce the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) later in life. /PMC4657387 Additionally, research found that children who were given cod liver oil in their first year of life had a lower risk of developing type 1 diabetes. /PMID: 14668274
Supports Mental Health: The omega-3 fatty acids in cod liver oil are linked to a reduced risk of depression and anxiety. /PMID: 17184843
May Improve Respiratory Health: ~~Vitamin D can help reduce the risk of respiratory infections and may be beneficial for individuals with asthma or COPD.~~
Promotes Healthy Pregnancy: ~~Omega-3 fatty acids are crucial for fetal brain development and may reduce the risk of premature birth.~~

Are Cod Liver Oil Supplements Safe?

Cod Liver Oil supplements are safe for most people when taken in recommended amounts. However, due to its high vitamin A content, excessive intake can lead to vitamin A toxicity, which emphasizes the importance of adhering to dosage guidelines. Additionally, since it’s derived from fish, there’s a concern about contaminants such as mercury or PCBs, though many manufacturers purify their products to eliminate these risks.

Medication Interactions with Cod Liver Oil

Blood Thinners (e.g., Warfarin, Heparin): Cod Liver Oil’s omega-3 fatty acids can enhance the blood-thinning effect, potentially increasing the risk of bleeding.
Antihypertensive Medications: Cod Liver Oil may lower blood pressure, potentially causing blood pressure to drop too low when taken with medications designed to reduce hypertension.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs, e.g., ibuprofen, aspirin): Cod Liver Oil can affect blood clotting, possibly amplifying the risk of bleeding when combined with NSAIDs that also affect clotting.
Orlistat: This weight loss medication can interfere with the body’s ability to absorb Cod Liver Oil, reducing the effectiveness of the supplement.
Vitamin A Supplements: Since Cod Liver Oil contains vitamin A, combining it with additional vitamin A supplements could increase the risk of vitamin A toxicity.
Vitamin D Supplements: Similar to vitamin A, taking Cod Liver Oil with additional vitamin D supplements may lead to excessive vitamin D intake.

Supplement Interactions with Cod Liver Oil

Vitamin A Supplements: Taking these in addition to Cod Liver Oil, which is rich in vitamin A, could lead to an excess intake of vitamin A, increasing the risk of toxicity.
Vitamin D Supplements: Cod Liver Oil also contains vitamin D; adding more through supplements might result in vitamin D excess, which could cause hypercalcemia and other health issues.
Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements: Since Cod Liver Oil is a source of omega-3s, combining it with other omega-3 supplements could lead to an excessive intake, potentially affecting blood clotting and increasing the risk of bleeding.
Antioxidant Supplements (e.g., Vitamin E): While antioxidants support health, taking them in high doses alongside Cod Liver Oil might amplify blood thinning effects, particularly in people on blood-thinning medication.
Calcium Supplements: High doses of vitamin D from Cod Liver Oil in combination with calcium supplements might lead to hypercalcemia, especially if intake exceeds recommended levels.

Jump to Supplements ↓

When you purchase linked products presented on this page, Supplement Sciences, LLC receives affiliate fees so that our dietitians can continue to create great content.

Thank you for your support!

Order Cod Liver Oil Online

Why Professionals Choose the Fullscript Formulary

Your health is on the line. Health professionals know that many other online and retail options set a very low bar for quality–sometimes amazingly low. The Fullscript formulary is the most secure online source for the highest quality brands securely sourced to assure freshness and purity. Here’s what makes Fullscript the best:

Meticulous vetting of brand quality. Meticulous vetting of brand quality. Health professionals trust Fullscript to monitor the quality of every item. While other retailers prioritize profit above all else, Fullscript focuses solely on quality and reliability. Unlike discount stores and large online marketplaces, you won’t find ingredients sourced from China or other questionable suppliers.

Free shipping over $50 and best prices when you order through Supplement Sciences.

Freshness. Fullscript prioritizes freshness over bulk buying.

Wide Selection: Access to the entire Fullscript formulary. Search for the exact brands and products you want.

Easy Sign-up & No Spam Email: Click “View Product” or the button below to be taken to Fullscript’s login page where you can quickly create your secure account with just your name, email, and phone number. Then you will be taken directly to the product page.

Arctic Cod Liver Oil Lemon by Nordic Naturals

Supports heart and brain health*
Essential for proper function of the immune and nervous systems*

Nordic Naturals has always used 100% Arctic cod livers in our cod liver oil (CLO) formulas—no fish body oils or synthetic additives are ever used. Arctic cod (Skrei) has the highest DHA, vitamin A, and vitamin D content of any cod species. Each serving provides approximately 600 mg of the essential omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, fulfilling the expert recommendation of a minimum of 500 mg per day.

Three soft gels daily, with food, or as directed by your health care professional or pharmacist.

Amount Per Three Softgel Serving
Calories … 25
Calories from Fat … 25
Total Fat … 3.0g
Saturated Fat … 0.6g
Trans Fat … 0g
Cholesterol … 10mg
Vitamin A … 150-600IU
Vitamin D … 0-12IU
Total Omega-3s … 750mg
EPA … 240mg (Eicosapentaenoic Acid)
DHA … 360mg (Docosahexaenoic Acid)
Other Omega-3s … 150mg

Ingredients: purified arctic cod liver oil, soft gel capsule (gelatin, glycerin, water, natural lemon flavor), natural lemon flavor, d-alpha tocopherol, rosemary extract (a natural preservatives).

Arctic Cod Liver Oil Lemon by Nordic Naturals

The fish oil that started it all, Nordic Naturals classic Arctic Cod Liver Oil is made from 100% wild Arctic cod from the Norwegian Sea. No fish body oils or synthetic vitamins or additives are ever used. This non-concentrated formula surpasses strict international standards for freshness and purity set by the European Pharmacopoeia, and is considered the gold standard for cod liver oil. Available in both liquid and soft gels, and in flavored and unflavored formulas.
Take one teaspoon daily, with food, or as directed by your healthcare professional or pharmacist. For best results, please refrigerate and use within three months after opening.

Amount Per 1 Teaspoon (5ml) Serving
Calories … 40
Total Fat … 4.5g
Saturated Fat … 1g
Trans Fat … 0g
Cholesterol … 20mg
Vitamin A … 40mcg RAE
Total Omega-3s … 1060mg
EPA … 340mg (Eicosapentaenoic Acid)
DHA … 510mg (Docosahexaenoic Acid)
Other Omega-3s … 210mg

Ingredients: purified arctic cod liver oil, natural lemon flavor, d-alpha tocopherol (antioxidant), rosemary extract (a natural preservative).

Food First!

Although this article discusses supplements in detail, don’t forget that we are absolutely committed to the “Food First” approach to nutrition. When it comes to your health, the totality of your eating habits far surpasses the impact of individual nutrients or any single supplement you consume. Even though this article doesn’t delve into the broader picture of your overall diet, it’s crucial to keep this element at the forefront of our minds. Food is one of the “Pillars of Health”. Your food needs to provide all the vitamins, minerals, fiber, and phytochemicals to nourish your body systems down to the cellular level.

Food choices, rather than supplements, are the most critical factors for a healthy gut microbiome. These trillions of tiny inhabitants in your gut affect your brain waves; they orchestrate your immune system. They possess the power to create molecules that can switch genes on or off and are even capable of synthesizing neurotransmitters. Opting for organic foods and steering clear of plastic packaging (including those labeled BPA-free) is a smart move to limit toxin exposure. The sum of all these parts leads to a powerful conclusion: the ultimate key to your health lies in the quality and balance of the food you consume. Supplements are secondary.

To Sum It Up

Cod Liver Oil supplements offer a variety of health benefits due to their rich content of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins A and D. These nutrients support heart health, bone density, and immune function. While beneficial, it’s important to be mindful of dosage and potential interactions with medications and other supplements. Balancing Cod Liver Oil intake with other nutrient sources can contribute to overall well-being.

This Article is Not a Substitute for Medical Advice

Labs: Easy Online Lab Ordering Without A Medical Visit

Stephanie Figon, MS, RDN, LD March 3, 2024

Jump to Supplements ↓

When you purchase linked products presented on this page, Supplement Sciences, LLC receives affiliate fees so that our dietitians can continue to create great content.

Thank you for your support!

The best option for most lab tests for most people in most situations is to request them from your personal physician. However, there are many times it is not convenient to schedule an extra medical visit when you only want the information that the tests can provide you.

There may be times when you may want a specialty test that is not normally ordered by your family physician, such as food sensitivity testing or various types of stool testing. When these situations arise, the NutriScape Lab Shop is here to give you access to the testing you’re looking for.

To See Our Full Listing:

Browse The NutriScape Lab Shop

Lab List Preview

Here’s a quick preview of all the labs available on the NutriScape Lab Shop.

Wellness Panels
	Female Functional Wellness Panel by Precision Point	Plasma,Serum
	Male Functional Wellness Panel by Precision Point	Plasma,Serum
Anemia, Iron, B12, Folate
	CBC by Access Labcorp Draw	Whole Blood
	Anemia Profile B by Access Labcorp Draw	Serum, Whole Blood
	Methylmalonic Acid by Access Med Labs	Serum
	Vitamin B12 & Folate by Access Labcorp Draw	Serum
	Anemia Panel by Access Med Labs	Serum, Whole Blood
Neurological Lab Tests
	Alzheimer’s LINX by Cyrex Laboratories	Serum
	Cognitive Healthy by Boston Heart Diagnostics	Plasma, Serum, Whole Blood
DNA Tests
	Wellness Panel by DNA RX	Swab
	Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) Genotype by Boston Heart Diagnostics	Swab
	Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) Genotype by Boston Heart Diagnostics	Blood Spot
	3X4 Genetics Test + Blueprint Report by 3X4 Genetics	Swab
Toxins
	Hair Elements by Doctor’s Data	Hair
	Heavy Metals, 21 Toxic, Urine (Random) by Access Med Labs	Urine
	Lead by Access Labcorp Draw	Whole Blood
	Heavy Metals Screening, Whole Blood (Arsenic, Lead, Mercury) by Access Med Labs	Whole Blood
	Heavy Metals, 21 Toxic/16 Nutritional, Urine by Access Med Labs	Urine
	Heavy Metals, 21 Toxic, Urine (24-hour) by Access Med Labs	Urine
	Metals – Toxic + Nutrient Elements – Red Blood Cell by Mosaic Diagnostics (Formerly Great Plains)	Red Blood Cells
	Glutathione by Access Labcorp Draw	Whole Blood
Metabolic Health – NAFLD, Diabetes & Heart
	CVD & Diabetes Prevention Comprehensive by Boston Heart Diagnostics	Plasma, Serum, Whole Blood
	NMR LipoProfile® by Access Labcorp Draw	Whole Blood
	CVD & Diabetes Prevention Essentials by Boston Heart Diagnostics	Serum, Whole Blood
	C-Peptide by Access Labcorp Draw	Serum
	Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) by Boston Heart Diagnostics	Blood Spot
	TMAO by Boston Heart Diagnostics	Serum
	Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) by Boston Heart Diagnostics	Serum
	Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) by Boston Heart Diagnostics	Serum
	Myeloperoxidase (MPO) by Access Labcorp Draw	Plasma
	ADMA/SDMA by Boston Heart Diagnostics	Serum
	C-Reactive Protein, High Sensitivity (CRP, HS) by Access Labcorp Draw	Serum
	Uric Acid by Access Labcorp Draw	Serum
	HOMA-IR w/ Beta Cell Function by Boston Heart Diagnostics	Serum
	Ferritin by Access Labcorp Draw	Serum
	Hepatic Function Panel by Access Labcorp Draw	Serum
Leaky Gut, Food Sensitivity, Allergy, & SIBO
	Calprotectin Stool by Doctor’s Data	Stool
	Fecal Fat Stain, Qualitative by Access Med Labs	Stool
	Histamine by DHA Laboratory	Whole Blood
	Lactose Intolerance Breath Test by Aerodiagnostics LLC	Breath
	Elastase by Doctor’s Data	Stool
	SIBO – 3 Hour by Genova Diagnostics	Breath
	FIT 132 by KBMO Diagnostics	Blood Spot
	Fructose Intolerance Breath Test by AeroDiagnostics LLC	Breath
	SIBO/IMO Lactulose Breath Test by Commonwealth Diagnostics International, Inc.	Breath
	Food Allergy and Sensitivity Testing (FAST 88 Foods: IgE with IgG4) by Infinite Allergy Labs	Serum
	Food Allergy and Sensitivity + Environmental Allergy Test by Infinite Allergy Labs	Serum
	IgG Food Antibodies Bloodspot by Genova Diagnostics	Blood Spot
	Food Allergy and Sensitivity Testing (FAST 88 Foods: IgE/IgG4 & IgG) by Infinite Allergy Labs	Serum
	Gut Barrier Panel by KBMO Diagnostics	Blood Spot
	Food Allergy and Sensitivity Testing (FAST 88 Foods: IgG with C3d/C3b) by Infinite Allergy Labs	Serum
Comprehensive Nutrition Panels
	Organic Acids and EPP Combined Test by US Biotek	Urine
	Urine Amino Acids – FMV by Doctor’s Data	Urine
	Organic Acids Profile by US Biotek	Urine
	NutrEval® FMV by Genova Diagnostics	Serum, Urine, Whole Blood
	Organic Acids (OAT) by Mosaic Diagnostics (Formerly Great Plains)	Urine
	Metabolomix+ by Genova Diagnostics	Urine
Men’s Lab Tests
	Men’s Health by Boston Heart Diagnostics	Plasma, Serum
	Men’s Health Complete by Ayumetrix	Blood Spot, Saliva
	Testosterone, Free & Total w/ SHBG by Access Labcorp Draw	Serum
Female Hormone Tests
	DUTCH Complete (Dried Urine) by Precision Analytic (Dutch)	Urine
	Beta-Glucuronidase by Doctor’s Data	Stool
	DUTCH OATs by Precision Analytical (Dutch)	Urine
	DUTCH Cycle Mapping Plus by Precision Analytical (Dutch)	Urine, Saliva
	DUTCH Plus by Precision Analytical (Dutch)	Urine, Saliva
	DUTCH Sex Hormone Metabolites (Dried Urine) by Precision Analytical (Dutch)	Urine
	DUTCH Cycle Mapping (Dried Urine) by Precision Analytical (Dutch)	Urine
	Estradiol (E2) by ZRT Laboratory	Saliva
Celiac & Gluten Sensitivity
	Celiac & Gluten Sensitivity by Doctor’s Data	Serum
	Celiac & Gluten Sensitivity by Doctor’s Data	Blood Spot
	Celiac Disease Evaluation by Access Med Labs	Serum
GI Microbiome Testing
	GI Effects® Comprehensive Profile – 3 day by Genova Diagnostics	Stool
	GI Effects® Comprehensive Profile – 1 day by Genova Diagnostics	Stool
	GI-Advanced Profile (includes Zonulin and H. pylori) by US Biotek	Stool
	Comprehensive Stool Analysis + Parasitology – 1 Day by Doctor’s Data	Stool
	Comprehensive Stool Analysis + Parasitology – 3 Day by Doctor’s Data	Stool
Thyroid and Adrenal Tests
	Thyroid Panel by Boston Heart Diagnostics	Serum
	Weight Management + Thyroid by ZRT Laboratory	Blood Spot, Saliva
	DUTCH Adrenal (Dried Urine) by Precision Analytical (Dutch)	Urine
	Salivary Cortisol x4 by Access Med Labs	Saliva
POTS (Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome)
	GAD Antibody by Boston Heart Diagnostics	Serum
Anti-aging
	TruAge PACE by TruDiagnostic	Blood Spot
	TruAge Complete Collection by TruDiagnostic	Blood Spot
Methylation
	MTHFR by Cell Science Systems	Swab
	Methylation Profile by Doctor’s Data	Plasma
	Homocysteine by Access Labcorp Draw	Plasma
Mold Toxicity Tests
	MycoTOX by Mosaic Diagnostics (Formerly Great Plains)	Urine
	Total Mycotoxin Panel by Realtime Laboratories	Urine
More
	Vitamin D, 25-OH, Total by Access Labcorp Draw	Serum
	DHEA-S (DS) by ZRT Laboratory	Saliva

Specialty Testing

Beta-Glucuronidase: This is an enzyme made by certain types of bacteria in the gut. Gut dysbiosis may lead to an imbalance of the species of bacteria in the digestive system that make beta-glucuronidase. This can lead to high levels of the beta-glucuronidase enzyme in the gut liberates bound estrogen so that it can be reabsorbed. This can contribute to the hormone imbalance between progesterone and estrogen that is known as estrogen dominance. Estrogen dominance may cause menstrual irregularities, mood changes, weight gain, and in some cases, increased risk of hormone-related cancers. A stool test for Beta-Glucuronidase (affiliate link) is available through the NutriScape Lab Shop.

MTHFR Genetic Test: The MTHFR test determines if you have a genetic variation that affects your ability to process folate to its active form. Genetic variants in the MTHFR gene may put you at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. The MTHFR Genetic Test (affiliate link) is available through the NutriScape Lab Shop. View a Sample Report.

Vitamin B12 and Folate Labs: A Vitamin B12 lab test measures the levels of folate and vitamin B12 in your body. Folate and vitamin B12 are important nutrients that help your body make red blood cells and keep your nervous system healthy. Low levels of these nutrients can lead to anemia, fatigue, and other health problems. The Vitamin B12 & Folate test from Access Medical Labs (affiliate link) is available through the NutriScape Lab Shop.

Comprehensive Nutrition Labs

There is also the option of going with more comprehensive nutritional testing. These are often not covered by health insurance but can be covered by health savings accounts.

NutrEval FMV (Affiliate Link): Comprehensive Nutrient Metabolism Testing gives exquisite insight into your nutritional status, oxidative stress, and detoxification ability. An excellent report is generated to guide your treatment of any concerns brought out by the test.
Metabolomix+ (Affiliate Link): Metabolomix+ focuses on core areas of metabolism and provides an overview of amino acids, fatty acids, oxidative stress, and more. It uses a urine sample. An excellent report is provided to guide your response to the results the test provides. Note that the Omega 3 evaluation shown in the sample report is not a part of this test, but is available in the NutrEval FMV.

Determining a person’s methylation status typically involves a series of lab tests. One common method is through blood tests, specifically looking at levels of certain substances that are associated with methylation processes in the body. Various lab tests for methylation status are available through the NutriScape Lab Shop (Affiliate link). These include:

Homocysteine (Affiliate Link): High levels of homocysteine in the blood can suggest issues with methylation, as homocysteine is converted into methionine (a crucial amino acid for methylation) in a process that requires methyl groups. If methylation isn’t happening as it should be, homocysteine levels can increase.
MTHFR Genetic Test (Affiliate Link): The MTHFR test determines if you have a genetic variation that affects your ability to process folate to its active form. Genetic variants in the MTHFR gene may put you at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. The MTHFR Genetic Test (affiliate link) is available through the NutriScape Lab Shop. View a Sample Report.
Methylation Profile (Affiliate Link): The Methylation Profile looks at the levels of methionine, cysteine, SAM, SAH, homocysteine, cystathionine, and the ratio of SAM to SAH (the methylation index) to assess your body’s metabolism of methionine. This Methylation Profile Lab (affiliate link) is available through the NutriScape Lab Shop. View a Sample Report.

Iron testing can be ordered online through the Nutriscape Lab Shop. The Anemia Panel (affiliate links) from Access Medical Labs tests for Ferritin, Total Iron Binding Capacity, Iron, Folate, B12, and Reticulocyte Count.

Elevated levels of Zonulin (affiliate link) generally indicate leaky gut. This test can be ordered in the NutriScape Lab Shop.

A Testosterone test (affiliate link) can be ordered in the NutriScape Lab Shop.

If your physician approves of DHEA supplementation, you will want to have your dosage adjusted to your needs. To do this, your physician will order labs to find out your DHEA level and will monitor your levels as they change with supplementation. Alternatively, you can request your DHEA levels online through the Nutriscape Lab Shop.

Testing For Mold Toxicity

In the NutriScape Lab Shop, there are two urine tests for mycotoxins. There are probably countless other mycotoxins that could cause issues that have not yet been discovered.

The MycoTOX (affiliate link) from Mosaic Diagnostics tests for:

Gliotoxin
Zearalenone
Verrucarin A

Aflatoxin M1
Chaetoglobosin A
Citrinin
Dihydrocitrinone
Enniatin B1
Mycophenolic Acid
Ochratoxin A
Roridin E
Sterigmatocystin

The Total Mycotoxin Panel (affiliate link) from Real Time Laboratories tests for:

Gliotoxin
Zearalenone
Verrucarin A

Aflatoxin B1
Aflatoxin B2
Aflatoxin G1
Aflatoxin G2
Isosatratoxin F
Ochratoxin A
Roridin A
Roridin E
Roridin H
Roridin L-2
Satratoxin G
Satratoxin H
Verrucarin J

Testing For Heavy Metals

In the NutriScape Lab Shop, Access Medical Labs offers the Heavy Metals, 21 Toxic, Urine (24-hour) (affiliate link). This test measures the levels of 21 different toxic metals in your urine. It can help identify if you have been exposed to heavy metals that might be causing your fatigue.

Vitamin D dosages should be adjusted based on your blood level with many clinicians recommending an optimal Vitamin D level of 50-80 ng/ml. Vitamin D Labs (affiliate link) can be ordered in the NutriScape Lab Shop.

Homocysteine: A homocysteine lab test measures the level of homocysteine in the blood, which is an amino acid that can indicate methylation status. Elevated levels of homocysteine are often associated with undermethylation, whereas low levels can suggest overmethylation in the body. The Homocysteine Lab (affiliate link) is available through the NutriScape Lab Shop.

Testing For Anemia

The Anemia Panel (affiliate link) from Access Medical Labs tests for Ferritin, Total Iron Binding Capacity, Iron, Folate, B12, and Reticulocyte Count.

Nutritional Testing For Nutrient Deficiencies

Tests for various nutrient deficiencies and many other nutrition-related problems can be ordered online through the NutriScape Lab Shop (affiliate link). This online service does not bill insurance but does provide documentation that can be submitted to your insurance for reimbursement.

Testing For Anemia

The Anemia Panel (affiliate link) from Access Medical Labs tests for Ferritin, Total Iron Binding Capacity, Iron, Folate, B12, and Reticulocyte Count.

Testing For Vitamin D Deficiency

Comprehensive Nutritional Testing

Comprehensive nutrient testing is an option for those who want to know their status for almost ALL of the nutrients that can cause fatigue. These tests are often not covered by health insurance but can be covered by health savings accounts. There are many good tests out there, many of which require a good deal of clinical skill to appropriately interpret. The clarity of the reports for the NutrEval FMV and Metabolomix+ tests below set them apart.

NutrEval FMV Comprehensive Nutrient Metabolism Testing (affiliate link) gives exquisite insight into your nutritional status, oxidative stress, and detoxification ability. It covers testing for Antioxidants, B Vitamins, Digestive Support, Essential Fatty Acids, Minerals, Metabolic Analysis Profile, Amino Acids Analysis, Essential & Metabolic Fatty Acids Analysis, Elemental Analysis, and Oxidative Stress. An excellent report is generated that can help guide treatment of any concerns brought out by the test.

Genova Diagnostics also offers the Metabolomix+ (affiliate link), which is a urine test. It differs slightly from the NutrEval, in that it does not provide information on omega balance. Please note that the report you receive will not have the omega balance section shown in the sample report will not be included in the test.

To Sum It Up

Using Nutriscape’s Lab access, people can order lab tests without needing to visit a physician simply for an order. This service offers a convenient way to monitor nutrition-related issues. This reduces barriers to lab data so that people can make informed decisions about their health. Rupa provides excellent support, accepts FSA, and offers interest-free 3-month payment plans. By providing easy access to lab tests, Nutriscape hopes to empowers people to take control of their well-being.

Antipsychotics (Abilify®, Haldol®, Seroquel®, Risperdal®, Zyprexa®): Drug-Nutrient Interactions To Know

Stephanie Figon, MS, RDN, LD February 4, 2024

Antipsychotic medications such as Abilify® (aripiprazole), Haldol® (haloperidol), Seroquel® (quetiapine), Risperdal® (risperidone), and Zyprexa® (olanzapine) are pivotal in treating psychiatric disorders. Their effectiveness and the patient’s nutritional status can be influenced by interactions with vitamins, minerals, and herbal supplements.

Drug-Nutrient Interactions:

Vitamin D and Calcium: Antipsychotics, particularly those associated with weight gain and metabolic changes like Zyprexa® and Seroquel®, can impact bone density. Adequate intake of vitamin D and calcium is crucial for maintaining bone health, especially since some patients on long-term antipsychotic therapy may be at increased risk for osteoporosis. However, Vitamin D supplements reduce serum concentrations of antipsychotic medications, therefore monitoring of serum medication levels is recommended. [PMID: 35380747]
B Vitamins: B vitamins, particularly folate (B9), B6, and B12, play roles in neurological function and mental health. Antipsychotics may influence the metabolism of these vitamins, potentially necessitating supplementation to support overall brain health and reducing side effects like fatigue or cognitive impairment.
Magnesium: This mineral is vital for many bodily functions, including nerve transmission and muscle relaxation. Some antipsychotics may affect magnesium levels, leading to side effects such as muscle spasms or weakness, and supplementation might be beneficial in some cases.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids: While not an herbal supplement, omega-3s are important for mental health and may interact with antipsychotic medications by potentially enhancing mood stabilization. However, they should be used cautiously and under medical supervision to ensure they don’t interfere with the therapeutic effects of the medications.

Herbal Supplement Interactions:

St. John’s Wort: Known to affect the metabolism of many drugs, this herb can reduce the effectiveness of antipsychotics by increasing their breakdown in the liver, particularly relevant for drugs like Abilify® and Seroquel®.
Other Herbals: Any herbal supplements should be carefully discussed with your physician because many interactions are possible. Don’t take supplements containing echinacea, evening primrose oil, ginseng or goldenseal without discussing the potential interactions with your pharmacist and physician.
CBD Oil: Increasingly used for various health issues, CBD oil may alter the effects of antipsychotics or increase sedation levels.

General Recommendations:

It’s essential for individuals on antipsychotic medication to discuss any vitamin, mineral, or supplement use with their healthcare provider. This is especially important for vitamins and minerals that may be depleted or whose absorption might be affected by long-term medication use. Supplement changes should be made under professional guidance to avoid worsening side effects or reducing the effectiveness of the medication.

Jump to Supplements ↓

When you purchase linked products presented on this page, Supplement Sciences, LLC receives affiliate fees so that our dietitians can continue to create great content.

Thank you for your support!

Order Supplements For Anticonvulsant Users

Why Professionals Choose the Fullscript Formulary

Your health is on the line. Health professionals know that many other online and retail options set a very low bar for quality–sometimes amazingly low. The Fullscript formulary is the most secure online source for the highest quality brands securely sourced to assure freshness and purity. Here’s what makes Fullscript the best:

Meticulous vetting of brand quality. Meticulous vetting of brand quality. Health professionals trust Fullscript to monitor the quality of every item. While other retailers prioritize profit above all else, Fullscript focuses solely on quality and reliability. Unlike discount stores and large online marketplaces, you won’t find ingredients sourced from China or other questionable suppliers.

Free shipping over $50 and best prices when you order through Supplement Sciences.

Freshness. Fullscript prioritizes freshness over bulk buying.

Wide Selection: Access to the entire Fullscript formulary. Search for the exact brands and products you want.

Easy Sign-up & No Spam Email: Click “View Product” or the button below to be taken to Fullscript’s login page where you can quickly create your secure account with just your name, email, and phone number. Then you will be taken directly to the product page.

Access the Antipsychotic Supplement Plan on Fullscript

This Article is Not a Substitute for Medical Advice

Benzodiazepines: How To Avoid Interactions And Nutrient Depletions

Stephanie Figon, MS, RDN, LD February 3, 2024

Benzodiazepines are a class of medications commonly used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and various other conditions. They work by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which has a calming effect on the nervous system. Common benzodiazepines available in the United States include:

Diazepam (Brand names: Valium)
Lorazepam (Brand names: Ativan)
Alprazolam (Brand names: Xanax)
Clonazepam (Brand names: Klonopin)
Temazepam (Brand names: Restoril)

While benzodiazepines are effective for managing symptoms of anxiety and insomnia, they can interact with other medications and nutrients, leading to potential side effects and nutrient depletions.

Supplement Interaction

Kava: Do not combine with supplements containing kava, because these have effects similar your to anti-anxiety medications. Read more in the Supplement-Sciences.com article about Kava.

Drug-Nutrient Interactions and Depletions:

Melatonin: Benzodiazepines can interfere with the natural production of melatonin in the body, potentially affecting sleep-wake cycles. Melatonin has been found to improve people’s ability to discontinue benzodiazepine medications. [PMID: 26547856]
Vitamin D: Long-term use of benzodiazepines has been linked to decreased bone density, in part due to potential interference with the metabolism of vitamin D and calcium. [PMC8373308] Vitamin D dosages should be adjusted based on your blood level with many clinicians recommending an optimal Vitamin D level of 50-80 ng/ml. Vitamin D Labs (affiliate link) can be ordered in the NutriScape Lab Shop.
B Vitamins: There is some evidence to suggest that chronic use of benzodiazepines may affect the metabolism of certain B vitamins, including vitamin B12 and folate, which are crucial for neurological function and mental health. [PMID: 19409441]

To Sum It Up

Benzodiazepines should be used with caution due to their potential to interact with other medications and affect nutrient levels in the body. Awareness of these interactions is important, especially for those with existing health conditions or those taking multiple medications. Regular monitoring and consultation with healthcare providers are essential to manage these interactions effectively, ensuring the safe and effective use of benzodiazepines. Adopting a holistic approach that considers medication, supplements, and lifestyle factors is key to maintaining optimal health and well-being, underpinned by professional medical advice.

Primary

Secure Ordering | Free Shipping | 20% Off Retail Prices

What Is Anorexia?

What Food and Lifestyle Factors Are Important For Managing Anorexia?

Nutritional Rehabilitation

Psychological Support

Lifestyle Adjustments

Medical Monitoring and Adaptation

Nutritional Deficiencies In Anorexia

Refeeding Syndrome

What Nutritional Supplements Are Recommended For Anorexia?

Order Supplements For Managing Anorexia

Supplement Safety Information

Medication Interactions:

Supplement Interactions:

Thank you for your support!

Order Supplements For Anorexia Support

What Lab Tests Might Be Helpful In Managing Anorexia?

Food First!

To Sum It Up

This Article is Not a Substitute for Medical Advice

Your Body, The Most Important Vehicle You Will Ever Own

Most Americans Are Vastly Underinvesting in Health

Time to Reframe Our Investment Strategies

The Cost of Nourishing The Body: Food Costs

The Cost of Disease Care In The US

Medical Costs For The Top Diseases: “The Four Horsemen”

Inflammation: The Driver Of All Disease

The Medical Industry vs Nutrients & “Lifestyle Medicine”

To Sum It Up

How It Works

Nutrient & Diet Related Plans

Medication Interaction Supplement Plans

Brain Function And Cognition Plans

Digestive Support Supplements

Fatigue and Covid Related

Men’s & Women’s Health and Fertility

Diabetes & Metabolic Health

Heart Health, Blood Pressure, And Cholesterol

Liver Health

Weight Management

Immune and Autoimmune Related

Bone and Joint Related

Sports

Wellness And Anti-Aging

Alcohol & Addiction

More Supplement Plans:

How Does Grounding Work?

What Are the Health Benefits of Grounding

Grounding and Cortisol

Methods of Grounding

Natural Methods of Grounding

Thank you for your support!

Using Grounding Products: A Practical Solution for Modern Living

To Sum It Up

Supplement Sciences Has A Bias

Science Takes Too Long for Those Who Need Answers Today

“No Good Evidence…”

How To Read The Research

What It Takes For Research To Report Positive Findings

Validity and Reliability

Blinding in Nutrition Research

Placebo Control in Nutrition Research

Statistical Significance

Confounding Variables

Understanding Positive vs. Negative Findings

Understanding False Positives And False Negatives

To Sum It Up

Secure Ordering | Free Shipping | Best Quality | Best Prices

What Is Multiple Sclerosis?

What Food and Lifestyle Factors Are Important For Managing Multiple sclerosis?

What Nutritional Supplements Are Recommended For Multiple Sclerosis?

Order Supplements For Managing Multiple sclerosis

Supplement Safety Information

Medication Interactions:

Supplement Interactions:

Thank you for your support!

Order Supplements For Nutritional Fatigue Support

What Nutrition Lab Tests Might Be Helpful In Managing Multiple Sclerosis?

Food First!